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Transport (Water Potential (Matric potential (sigh matric, water adhesion,…
Transport
Water Potential
free energy
capacity to do work
chemical potential
measured in
"sigh"
increase
heat
pressure
elevate
decrease
cooling
reduce pressure
lower it
pressure potential
effect pressure on water
megapascals (MPa)
osmotic potential
"sigh pie"
solutes on water potential
Matric potential
sigh matric
water adhesion
always
negative
decreases water potential
Cell adn Water Moveent
???????
Water Available in Water
eutrpphication
algae decompose
uses large oxygen amounts
degrade rivers
Water Avaialable in Air
air and olants
distributes water
pulls water
fog forest
dwarf trees
incioient plasmolysis
water loss pull
from wall
cannot reach equillibrium
lose more water
Long-Distance Transfer: Phloem
Pressure Flow Hypothesis
#
active transport
molecular pumps
sources
transport sites
Polymer Trap Mechanism
monosaccharides/disaccharides diffuse
convert to polysaccharides
cannot leave
STM/CC Complex
conducting cell
few companion cell
Mass Transfer
nutrients transported/hr
specific mass transfer
mass transfer divded by
cross-secion area phloem
sinks
receive sap
nutrients
diverse
P-protein
seal broken sieve elements
sap surges
forms
P-protein Plug
too large to pass
carried sieve area
tangled mass
callose
uninjured phloem
stays in solution
transport with P-protein
Active transport
osmosis
diffusion of particles
high to low concentrations
through/across membrane
membranes
freely permeable
all solute pass
completely impermeable
isolation barriers
NOTHING passes
selectively permeable (differentially)
ONLY certain substances
lipid/protein membranes
hydrophobic molecules
diffuses easily
polar, hydrophillic molecules
selectively permeable
special chemicals
water
polar
passes easily
aquaporins
protein channels
molecular pumps
membrane bound
use ATP
force molecules through
forced pump molecules
ATP
molecular pumps
Intracellular Transport
Endoplasmic Reticulum/dictysomes
vesicles
transport material
relatively permanent
Short distance intracellular transport`
symplast
all protoplasm in 1
apoplast
wall and intravellular spaces
Guard Cells
short-distance transport
#
form stomata
closed at night
K+ pumped out
lose water
shrunken
flaccid
open during day
cell absorb K+
impermeable wall
water potential negative
extra water
bend and push
open
equillibrium when done
turgid
Motor Cells
#
"joints"
expel/take-in K+
similar guard cell
Transfer Cells
#
smooth wall
finger/ridge-like outgrowths
molecular pumps
Long Distance Transport: Xylem
cohesive
water molecules bound
adhesive
water interaction with other species
bound
Water Transport through Xylem
#
cohesion-tension hypothesis
unavoidable water loss
through stomata
transstomatal transpiration
humidity at 50%
transcuticular transpiration
water loss
directly through cuticle
Plant adaptation
drought avoidance
small
short life cycle
drought tolerance
succulent
water-storage cells
poikilohydry
changes with habitat
body water content
cavitation
broken water colum
caused by large
hydrogen bonding break
embolism
space between
Control of Water transport
#
Guard Cells
water stress
abscisic acid release
close
CAM
adapts by
open at night
Processes
short-distance
few diameters
long-distance
non-neighboring cells
isolated mechanism
movement of substances
