All nerve cells (neurons) along the nerve pathway contain a cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals and dendrites. However, the location of these features differ between the three neurons, which in turn alters their function.
Sensory Neuron:
Structure - dendrites, axon, cell body (outside the line of the axon), axon, axon terminals
Function - transmit information from a receptor to the central nervous system.
Interneuron:
Structure - dendrites, axon, cell body (along the line of the axon), axon, axon terminals
Function - located in the central nervous system and transmit information from sensory neurons to motor neurons.
Motor Neuron:
Structure - dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals
Function - transmit messages from the central nervous system to effectors.