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Week 4 Cardiovascular Sensing (sensor (IABP/intra-aortic balloon pump,…
Week 4 Cardiovascular Sensing
Electrocardiogram
principle
10-12 recording leads
electrical depolarisation
process
sinoatrial node -> walls of atria -> atrioventricular node, delay -> heart apex by bundle branch -> ventricle wall
use
defect/ abnormalities in heart's shape or size
electrolyte imbalance
heart attack or ischemia
heart rate abnormalities
heart rhythm abnormalities
medical side effect
example
sinus node disease
atrioventricular block
heart rate variation
cardiac output
flow rate
pulmonary artery catheter/swan ganz catheter/thermodilution catheter
situation
cardiothoracic operation
as a pressure sensor
principle
cold saline injected into a right atrial port
temperature sensor inside pulmonary artery
travel through right ventricle
assumption
physiologic conditions remains constant
mixing is completed uptream
no heat loss with surrounding tissues
sensor is sensitive, accurate and reponsive
consistent injection by ther user
characteristic
accurate
USCOM/UltraSonic Cardiac Output Monitoring
principle
doppler effect measure velocity
stationary particles send back send signal and it is filtered out
transducer transmits pulses
moving particle sends back different signals
estimate cross section of aortic and pulmonary valve
characteristic
less range
require for alignment -> hard to use in patients that move
hard to use to measure low flow rate
quick
non-invasive
impedence cardiography
take time to settle
less accurate
non-invasive
pressure
cuff
non-invasive
transducer/strain gauge
invasive
cardioMEMS
remote monitoring
sensor
IABP/intra-aortic balloon pump
ECMO
VEDs/ventricular assist device
smart sensors