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Ch. 9 Ecology of the Mass Media pg.328-371 (9.5 Screen Media and…
Ch. 9 Ecology of the Mass Media pg.328-371
9.1 Understanding Mass Media pg. 331
Mass Media and Socialization
Mass Media: the form of communication in which large audiences quickly receive a given message via an impersonal medium between the sender and the receiver
Culture: the learned behavior, including knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, skills, and traditions, that is characteristic of the social environment in which an individual grows up
Media is the message
Mass media are spreaders of culture
Mass media are transformers of culture
Theory of cultivation, the more time people spend living in the television world, the more likely they are to believe reality as portrayed on television
change experience, enhance experience, or interfere with experience
9.2 Chronosystem Influences on Mass Media pg. 334
"proponents of media innovation argue that the new tech benefits children by opening up new worlds to them, while opponents argue that new media might be used to substitute for real life in learning ethical principles, undermining children's morality
content changes and appeal has changed over time
9.3 Chronosystem Influences on Mass Media pg. 335
FTC and FCC
FCC marketplace competition could best serve children, two trends emerged, 1. educational content declined and 2. advertising increased
Mass media's main emphasis is to entertain
9.4 Children and Screen Media: Television and Movies (Videos, DVDs) pg. 337
Television, Movies, and Affect on Culture
Table of ratings on 338
Theories Regarding How Screen Media Influence Children
Social Cognitive Theory
media contribute to learning by enabling them to observe role models behave on screen
Cultivation Theory
affects viewers' beliefs about the world and consequently alters their behavior
Motivation Theory
impact of media depends on how media are used and the individual abilities and characteristics of the user
Displacement Theory
media used for entertainment may displace important developmental activities such as play, hobbies,games, sleep, studying, reading, physical activities, and social engagements
9.5 Screen Media and Socialization: Concerns pg.340
Socioemotional Development and Relationships
involves establishing and maintaining relationships with others, time spent watching TV affects interpersonal relationships, especially family shared time
Physical Development Health
Obesity; links of heavy media consumption and obesity
Substance abuse linked to alcohol and tobacco to ads
Psychological Development and Behavior
way media presents information affects an individual's perception of reality, factuality and social realism
Violence is measured in terms of prevalence,rate, and role, increased in children's programs
Desensitization: the gradual reduction in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure
Cognitive Development and Achievement
Stereotype: an oversimplified representation of members of a particular group
young children often have trouble distinguishing reality from fantasy, and need adult mediation
endorsement by celebrities are appealing to youth
Moral Development and Values
children are spending more time watching adult programs, child does not have the intellectual capability or life experience to comprehend such programming
Frequency of sexual television has increased, significant portion of adolescents' information about sex comes from TV
Mediating Influences on the Socialization Outcomes of Screen Media
Selective Retention: choosing stimuli from one's environment to notice, observe, and consider
parents can mediate the amount and level of attention given to TV by their children by being the primary socializers in their children's frames of references
9.6 Mesosystem Influences on Screen Media
Community-Media Linkages
PBS is a nonprofit broadcasting service to an alliance of local community and educational stations who are members
Cable and Satellite Television, families purchase cable televisions and can view certain channels
Recording devices DVRS and DVDs
Public interest groups; Children's Television Act of 1990 formed to pressure broadcasters for change
School-Media Linkages
Reinforces reading and lecture material, aids in the development of a common base of knowledge among students, enhances comprehension and discussion, provides greater accommodation of diverse learning styles, increases student motivation and enthusiasm, promotes teacher effectiveness
Peer Group-Media Linkages
Influence one another to stay connected, and which devices or apps to us
Family-Media Linkages
It is up to parents to regulate and monitor their children's viewing habits, studies show monitoring is infrequent, may be difficult for families because both parents may work or too busy
9.7 Children and Print Media: Books and Magazines pg. 354
Literacy:being able to communicate through reading and writing
Caldecott Medal: award given yearly for the most distinguished picture book for children
Psychosocial Development
Role Model
Value
Newbery Medal: award given yearly for the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children
Cope with problems, folk and fairy tales explain in terms children can understand, and teach children effective ways to cope
Print Media and Socialization Concerns
Dependent on socioeconomic level of the parents and educational levels
Language is the vehicle by which individuals can express emotions, enable humans to internalize attitudes of others, passing on the cultural heritage from one generation to another
Books enhance language, reading skills, and comprehension, as well as overall cognitive development, literacy language is more structured and more complex
9.8 Children and Audio Media: Popular Music pg. 3631
Effects of Music Lyrics
Contagion: the phenomenon in which an individual exposed to a suggestion will act on it
motivation, experience, knowledge, and self-concept are factors in the interpretation of music, effect magnified in music videos
Acting on lyric suggestions may reflect an absence of parental supervision, repeated exposure to violent lyrics may contribute to the development of aggressive personality
form of communication, emotional expression, art, celebration, tradition, and enjoyment, expresses aspects of culture as it changes through history
9.9 Children and Digital Media: The Internet pg. 363
Coping with Internet Information Overload
requires a higher level of inferential reasoning and comprehension-monitoring strategies that help readers stay on task
Concern of disparities of opportunities for children of different socioeconomic statuses to learn to use computers effectively as tools in their lives and to experience enriched learning in the classroom
Internet Communication: Social Networking
Author should leave out personal opinions as these are judgmental accusations with no compassion or understanding of people in general, not the first time I have seen this in the book and I am highly offended that such personal attacks are shared openly in the text
"each new media technology brought with it great promise for social and educational benefits, and great concern for children's exposure to inappropriate and harmful content
Internet created public space and removed barriers to communication, such as time and space, pool of information
Issues of piracy over illegal transfer of copyright material, privacy issues regarding the ability to track online usage patterns and gain access to personal data, the capacity to hack into unauthorized information, viruses and worms that can destroy data on computers, unsolicited junk mail
9.10 Children and Multimedia: Devices and Games pg. 366
Table 9.1 Compute and Video Ratings pg. 368
Table 9.2 Positive and Negative Uses of Video Game Playing on Children pg. 369
By this point, the author has driven home the studies and opinions about violence and sex in video games
possibility of enhancing visual spatial skills, socialization opportunities