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IP Addresses, Subnets, and CIDR Notation (IP Addresses (Communication…

- - - - Being rolled out with
        greater frequency due to
        improvements in the protocol
        and limitations of IPv4 address
        space
      - Format
        
        128-bit address
        
        Eight segments of four
        hexadecimal digits
      - Example
        
        1203:8fe0:fe80:b897:8990:8a7c:99bf:323d
      - Can remove leading
        zeros from each octet
        
        ...:00bc:... = ...:bc:...
      - Replace single range of
        zeroed groups with a
        double colon(::)
        
        ...:18bc:0000:0000:0000:00ff:... = ...:18bc::ff...
        
        Can only be done once per address
    - - Example
        
        192.168.0.5
        
        1100 0000 - 1010 1000 - 0000 0000 - 0000 0101
      - Format
        
        Each byte/8-bit segment is
        divided by a period and
        expressed as a number 0-255
        aka Octet
        
        32-bit adresses
      - What majority of our systems support
- - - - What network is the
        address part of
    - - Specifies the host within
        that network
  - - - 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
      - First octet: Network
        Rest: Hosts
    - - 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
      - First-second octet: Network
        Rest: Hosts
    - - 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
      - First-third octet: Network
        Rest: Hosts
    - - 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
      - Multi-casting protocols
    - - 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
      - Reserved for future and
        experimental use
  - - - 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
      - Used by each host to
        test networking ot itself
      - Typically expressed by the
        first address in this range: 127.0.0.1
    - - Class A
        
        10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
      - Class B
        
        172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
      - Class C
        
        192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255