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Cisco Data Center Technologies (DCICT) - 200-155 (Cisco Data Center…
Cisco Data Center Technologies (DCICT) - 200-155
Cisco Data Center Network Virtualization
Switch Virtualization
Machine Virtualization
Network Virtualization
Overlays
NVGRE
VXLAN
Perform simple troubleshooting of VDC STP
Maximum of 4 VDC Nexus 7000
default VDC + 3
config
vdc <name>
show vdc <name> detail>
show vdc
allocate interface <interface>
show vdc membership
By default all physical ports belong to the default VDC
Compare and contrast the default and management VRFs
Logical separation at Layer 3 for routing information
Management
Management purposes only
Only the mgmt0 interface can be in the management VRF
Static routing only (no routing protocols can run here)
Default
All layer 3 interfaces exist in the default VRF
Routing protocols run here unless VRF context is specified
Uses the default routing context for all show commands
Similar to the global routing table concept
config
conf t
show ip vrf
show ip route global and not VRFs
show ip route vrf <name>
router rip
router eigrp 1
address-family ipv4 vrf <name>
network 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
autonomous-system 1
Differentiate between the data, control, and management planes
Describe the components and operations of Cisco virtual switches
Cisco Data Center Network Technologies Configuration
Cisco FabricPath
MAC address scalability with conversational learning
Spanning Tree Protocol independence
No reliance on STP anymore. Each switch has a complete view of the L2 topology & calculates the L2 forwarding table based on shortest path
Traffic distribution for unicast
Loop mitigation with TTL in frame field
Simplicity of config
More direct communication paths
Traffic distribution for multicast on multiple distribution trees
Cisco Fabric Extender
Port Channels and Virtual Port Channels
Increased capacity
High availability
Load balancing
Destination MAC address
Source MAC
Source & destination MAC
Destination IP
Source IP
Source & destination IP
Source TCP/UDP port
Destination TCP/TDP Port
Source & destination TCP/UDP port
Simplified network topology
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
802.3ad > 802.1AX
Active <> Active
Active <> Passive
Nexus
On
LACP not running
No exchange of info
Active
LACP enabled
Active negotiating state
Passive
LACP enabled
Does not initiate LACP negotiation
config
feature lacp
interface <int>
switchport
channel-group 1 mode active
interface <int>
switchport
channel-group 1 mode active
interface port-channel 1
swithcport mode trunk
Verify
show port-channel summary
show port-channel traffic interface port-channel 2
show interface port-channel 2
show port-channel load-balance
show lacp neighbor
Cisco Unified Fabric
Scale
Convergence
Intelligence
Security
Cisco unified switch ports
Use of role-based access control within the data center infrastructure
vPC
config
configure t
feature vpc
vpc domain <domain-id>
peer-keepalive destination <ipaddress>
vPC peer switch
vPC peer link
vPC domain
vPC peer keepalive link
vPC member port
Cisco Unified Computing System
Cisco UCS Components
FIs (Fabric Interconnect)
Core of the UCS platform
Everything connects to the FIs
FIs run the UCS Manager software
LAN connectivity
6120,6140
Older models
3.2us latency
1/10G Ethernet only
GEM to support FC
6248,6296 Unified Ports
Current models
2.0us latency (1200ns faster)
1/10GE or 1/2/4/8FC
Interface aggregation
Downstream to servers
Upstream to LAN & SAN
Unified Fabric
FCoE for downstream SAN
FC, FCoE or iSCSI upstream
Chassis
Contains blades, but no intelligence
UCS-C-Series Server (Rack mount / Pizza box)
IOM FEX
UCS B-Series Blade Chassis Server
CPU/RAM/HDD
Mezzanine card
RAID
RAID0 - Data striping
Data is distributed across at least 2 disks
No redundancy
Improved I/O performance
RAID1 - Disk mirroring
Data is duplicated on a 2nd disk
Redundant and simple to use
Highest disk overhead
RAID5 - Striping with parity
Data is written to at least 3 disks
Parity is distributed
High read performance, medium write performance
RAID6 - Striping with double parity
Data is written to at least 3 disks
Parity is double distributed
High read performance, low write performance
RAID1+0 - Mirrored array of striped disks
Data is written to at least 4 disks
Best read performance other than RAID0
High redundancy - survives multiple disk failures
RAID0+1 - Striped array of mirrored disks
Data is written to at least 4 disks
Good redundancy and high I/O rates
Generations
M1 is OOS
M2 on way out
M3 current
M4 is the new thing
Interface adapters
VIC (Virtual Interface Card)
Dynamic interface
3rd party cards
Emulex
QLogic
Intel
Broadcom
Blade interfaces
mLOM (M3+)
Mezzanine Adaptor (M1+)
VIC 1240
4x 10Gb server paths
2 paths per FEX
40Gb throughput
Expander doubles paths
mLOM adapter slot only
VIC 1280
8x 10Gb server paths
4 paths per FEX
80 Gb throughput
Can be used with 1240
Mezzanine adapter slot only
Blades contain CPU/RAM/CNAs (Converged Network Adapter)
5108
8 fans
4 PSUs
6 RU
8 half-width blade slots
Modular
Scale the IO modules
Variety of blade sizes
IOM (IO modules) (also known as FEXs)
Muxes data from FIs to blades
CMS (Chassis Management Switch
Carries management traffic to/from CIM (Cisco Integrated Management Controller) on FI
CMC (Chassis Management Controller)
Monitors all sensors, voltage, controls fan speed
Used in discovery of the chassis, blades and IOMs
2104XP
1st Gen Model
.8us latency
4 10GE ports Northbound to FIs
16 10GE port southbound to Blades
2 IOMs per chassis
80Gbps Chassis BW Northbount to FIs
2 10GE ports per half-width blade (1 per IOM)
2204XP
2nd Gen Model
.5us latency
4 10GE Northbound to FIs
16 10GE port Southbound to Blades
Supports port channelling
2 IOMs per chassis
80Gbps chassis BW Northbound to FIs
4 10GE ports per half-width blade (2 per IOM)
Fabric ports
Upstream to FIs
Server ports
Downstream to blades
2208XP
32 server ports
8 fabric ports
60Gb throughput
Servers in Cisco UCS
Cisco UCS configuration
Cluster high availability
Port roles
Hardware discovery
Server virtualization concepts and benefits
Hypervisors
Virtual switches
Shared storage
Virtual Machine components
Virtual Machine Manager
Data Center Automation and Orchestration
Application Programming Interfaces
Cloud Computing
Describing Cisco UCS Director
Management
Orchestration
Multitenancy
Chargeback
Service offerings
Catalogs
Cisco UCS Director for Orchestration
Cisco Application-Centric Infrastructure
Describing Cisco ACI
Tenants
Logical separator for: customer, BU, group etc. Separates traffic, admin, visibility etc
Context (Private-Network L3)
Equivalent to a VRF, separates routing instances, can be used as an admin separation
BD (Bridge domains)
Not a VLAN, simply a container for subnets. Can be used to define L2 boundary
EPG (End Point Group)
Container for objects requiring the same policy treatment i.e. app tiers or services
Contracts
define 'what' an EPG exposes to other app tiers and 'how'
Cisco ACI Traffic Forwarding
Programming and Orchestrating Cisco ACI
Basic policy resolution
APIC controller
Spine leaf
APIs
Describe the fabric discovery process
Describe the policy-driven, multitier application deployment model and its benefits
FEX (Fabric Extension)
Topologies
Nexus switches with FEX
Cisco UCS with IO module
VN-Tags
Switching road maps
VIFs (Virtual Interface)
Added to Ethernet frame
Removed outside of FEX segment
Source / Destination VIF
Interface Types
HIF (Host interface)
NIF (Network interface)
LIF (Logical interface)
VIF (Virtual interface)
No local switching
Traffic anaylzer
ERSPAN (Encapsulated remote SPAN)
Source & destination can exist in different VLANs
Cisco propietary
Catalyst 6500, 7600, Nexus & ASR 1000
SPAN (Switch Port Analyzer)
Source & desintation must be on the same device
VSPAN (VLAN)
Source port can be a VLAN
RSPAN (Remote SPAN)
Source & destination ports must be on the same VLAN
OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualisation)
Layer 2 VPN over IPv4
Nexus 7000
DCI (Data Center Interconnect)
Dark Fiber
VPLS
Bridging over GRE
Overlay Interface
Logical OTV tunnel interface
OTV Join Interface
Physical link or port-channel that is used to route upstream towards the DCI
Site identifer
Unique ID per DC site, shared between AEDs
Internal interfaces
Local L2 interfaces on Edge device (no OTV config)
Control Group
Multicast address used to discovery remote sites in the control plane
Data Group
Tunnelling multicast traffic over OTV in the data plane
IP-based
Multicast & Unicast
IS-IS to advertise MAC addresses between AEDs
MAC in IP routing
Encapsulated as control group multicast
DCI must support ASM
Multicast Control Group
ARP, OSPF, EIGRP
Verifying OTV
show otv adjacency
show otv route
Sizes
Half width
Full width
Dual, full-width
Blade Servers
CPU/RAM/HDD
Mezzanine cards
interface port-channel <channel>
vpc <number>
ip vrf <name>
interface fa0/0
ip vrf forwarding <name>
ip address <ip> <subnet>
address-family ipv4 vrf <name>
network 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
version 2