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Protein (Each protein is made of amino acids linked like beads in a…
Protein
Each protein is made of amino acids linked like beads in a necklace. We use about twenty different kinds of amino acids, and arrange them into thousands of proteins like the twenty-six letters in the alphabet can be made into thousands of words. Each protein is organ specific which means the protein your skin needs is different from what your lungs or heart needs. It’s like you have a protein production plant that uses twenty amino acids as raw ingredients. Eleven you can make “in house” on the factory floor. But the others you have to have delivered. This is delivered to you by eating food. Amino acids can be classified as:
Essential - amino acids we cannot synthesize and have to consume in the diet
Conditionally Essential - amino acids that become essential for some people in certain situations. An example of a condition when an amino acid becomes essential is the disease phenylketonuria (PKU).
Essential - amino acids we cannot synthesize and have to consume in the diet
Proteins can be classified as either complete or incomplete.
Incomplete proteins do not contain adequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids. Most plant foods are incomplete proteins, with a few exceptions such as soy.
It is possible to pair foods containing incomplete proteins with different limiting amino acids to provide adequate amounts of the essential amino acids. An example of complementary proteins would be peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Another example would be red beans and rice.
Complete proteins provide adequate amounts of all nine essential amino acids. Animal proteins, such as meat, fish, milk, and eggs are good examples of complete proteins.
The two forms of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are kwashiorkor and marasmus.
Marasmus means "to waste away" or "dying away", and thus occurs in individuals who have severely limited energy intakes.
Kwashiorkor is a Ghanaian word that means "the disease that the first child gets when the new child comes". The characteristic symptom of kwashiorkor is a swollen abdomen. Energy intake could be adequate, but protein consumption is too low.
The body breaks the protein down into amino acids and—among other things—uses them to build muscle. Any protein left over is available to fuel energy needs. The body breaks the protein down into amino acids and—among other things—uses them to build muscle.
Beef, poultry, and pork (as well as milk, cheese, and eggs) can certainly provide high-quality protein, but so can many plant foods — including whole grains, beans and other legumes, nuts, and vegetables.
At each meal, include foods that deliver some fat, fiber, and protein. The fiber makes you feel full right away, the protein helps you stay full for longer, and the fat works with the hormones in your body to tell you to stop eating. Adding nuts to your diet is a good way to maintain weight because it has all three.
Good protein-rich foods include fish, poultry, eggs, beans, legumes, nuts, tofu, and low-fat or non-fat dairy products.
Calories are not created equal: it requires more energy to burn through a calorie of protein than to burn through a calorie of sugar.
Getting too much protein can overtax the kidneys if you're prone to kidney problems.
Soybeans are a complete protein, meaning they contain all nine essential amino acids.
Are used for growth and repair. Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur and phosphorus. Made up of amino acids. Cannot be stored in the body.
Proteins are another major macronutrient that like carbohydrates are made up of small repeating units. Instead of sugars, proteins are made up of amino acids. Similar to carbohydrates, proteins contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). However, unlike carbohydrates (and lipids) proteins also contain nitrogen (N). This name amino acid signifies that each contains an amino (NH2) and carboxylic acid (COOH) group. The only structural difference in the 20 amino acids is the side group. Individual amino acids are bonded together through a dehydration reaction (-H2O) forming a dipeptide (two amino acids). This bond between amino acids is known as a peptide bond.