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TB = Tuberculosis (*Histology of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
classic long…
TB = Tuberculosis
*RIPE therapy
- "PRIZE winning Ethan Hawke IS right fucked (RIPE for short) "
-
RIPE tx for TB pyrazinamide
ethambutol
--> Ethan Hawke vampire eyes
--> optic neuropathyIsoniaozid
--> part of SICKFACES.COM CYP inhibitors
= hepatotoxicity
--> also neurotoxicity (Vit B6 with it always)
--> isoniazid IS in need of VB6 (neurotoxicity)Rifampin
*Isoniaozid
- used as part of RIPE
- get resistance to it if you use it as a monotherapy
*Isoniaozid resistance
- get resistance to it if you use it as a monotherapy
- 2 methods of resistance
- 1 = Isoniazid has to be first activated by TB
- 2 the protein that Isionizid binds gets mutated
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Mycobacteria
- acid fast rod bacteria
--> Ziehl–Neelsen staining
- do not gram stain
TB television with fast LEMONS on it - HITLER on TB and GRANULATOUS CHEESE EATING GRANNY LAMA
- CHEESE EATING GRANNY LAMA = caseating granulomas
- HITLER on TB = hilar lymph nodes of lung spread
- the FAST LEMONS try to escape off the TB TV
--> acid fast stain for TB
- CORD FACTOR chases after one particular RED STAIND CAR BOMB FUSE holding lemon
--> cord factor = virulence factor for TB TV
--> think the CORD FACTOR is what gives the TB TV life and power
--> RED STAINED CAR BOMB LEMON escaping from the CORD FACTOR and TB TV
--> TB stains red on Carbelfusion stain
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*Granuloma Formation of TB
- Giant cells = Langerhan's Cells
--> activated macrophages join together to form these cells and have a ring of nuclei around the edges
- Langerhans form the granuloma surrounding the mycobacteria tuberculosis
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Notes:
- note that at the very start of TB infecions due to the virulence factor = CORD FACTOR of TB, they live and grow within macrophages
- they inhibit the phagolysosome formation to destroy them
- eventually the macrophages learn that they are infect and display the APC MHC 2 to CD 4 cells
- the CD$ cells are then the amin activator that activate the macrophages
- macrophages can then differentiate into LAngerhans giant cells to try and wall off the mycobacteria into granulomas
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*Macrophage Differentiation
- epithelioid Macrophages
- Langerhan's Cells
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*Langerhan's Cells
- Giant cells = Langerhan's Cells
--> activated macrophages join together to form these cells and have a ring of nuclei around the edges
- Langerhans form the granuloma surrounding the mycobacteria tuberculosis
-
*Histology of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- classic long serpentine cord like arrangement
--> cord factor = main virulence factor
- acid fast stain = Zeil Neilson stain
--> only TB and Nocardia are positive
--> binds mycolic acid
Acid Fast Staining / Ziel Neilson Stain
- only Nocardia and mycobacteria tuberculosis are acid-fast
- first stain with analine dye = carbolfuscin = red dye
--> binds with mycolic acid
- then alcohol to wash away non-acid fast cell walls
- counterstain blue
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Cord factor = virulence factor of TB
- main virulence factor of TB
- makes long cords that surround it and prevent the acidification in phagolysosomes of macrophages
- also helps form caseating granulomas in the lungs
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