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INTRODUCTION (Types of rock (2) Sedimentary rock (formed by weathering and…
INTRODUCTION
Types of rock
1) Igneous rock
- formed when magma cools and solidifies
- 2 types: extrusive igneous rocks and intrusive igneous rocks
- example: basalt, gabbro, granite, tull
2) Sedimentary rock
- formed by weathering and erosion
- moved from place to another
- deposited in with the older ones on the bottom
- the layers become compacted cemented together
- example: conglomerate, sandstone, conl
3) metamorphic rock
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- change with temperature and pressure but will still remain solid
- usually takes place deep in the earth
- 2 types: foliated and non-foliated
- formed from heat and pressure
Type of soil
1) Organic soil
- contains vegetation, rubbish and rotten material
- not suitable in supporting foundation
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2) Residual soil
- soils located above the rocks that they formed from
- has same colour and minerals as bedrock
- it develope distinct layers or horizons
3) Transported soil
- does not match the bedrock
- transported from another location
Soil sampling
Disturbed sample
- in disturbed soil sample the nature structures
- can be obtained by direct excavation by augers
Undisturbed sample
- in disturbed soil sample it has little
- it has the natural structure
- used to tests for shear, consolidation and permeability
Geotechnical Engineering
- study of behaviour of soils
- design of foundations, retaining walls, earth sama, clay liners and geosynthetics for waste containment
- a branch of civil engineering
Soil Mechanics
- a science of engineering
- soil as a construction material
- the theoretical basic for geotechnical engineering
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