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Cause of errors ((Hyppercorrection: (Sometimes the effort of teachers in…
Cause of errors
Hyppercorrection:
Sometimes the effort of teachers in correcting their students' errors induce the students to make errors in otherwise correct forms.
Example:The teacher's insistence that Arab ESL learners produce the phoneme IpI correctly prompts them to always produce IpI where the phoneme Ibl is required. Thus Arab ESL learners say piTd and pattie instead of bird and battle.
Inadequate learning:
It is mainly caused by ignorance of rule restrictions or underdifferentiation and incomplete learning.
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Overgeneralization:
The use of one form or constructions in one context and extending this application to other context where it should not apply
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Fossilization:
Some errors, specially errors in pronunciation, persist for long periods and become quite difficult to get rid of.
Example: The Arab ESL learners are the lack of distinction between IpI and Ibl in English and the insertion of the resumptive pronoun in English relative clauses produced by these learners.
Avoidance:
Some syntactic structures are difficult to produce by some learners. Consequently, these learners 78 Second Language Learning Errors avoid these structures and use instead simpler structures.
Example:Arab ESL learners avoid the passive voice while Japanese learners avoid relativization in English.
Faulty teaching:
Sometimes it happens that learners' errors are teacher induced ones, i.e., caused by the teacher, teaching materials, or the order of presentation. This factor is closely related to hypercorrection above.
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