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4 characteristics of OOP (encapsulation (excapsulation is capturing data…

- - - - overloading/ compile time polymorphism
        
        use method overloading in situation where you want a class to be able to do something, but there is more than one possibility for what information is supplied to the method that carries out the task
        
        you should consider overloading a method when that take different parameters, but conceptually do the same thing
      - overriding/ runtime polymorphism
        
        whereas overriding means changing the functionality of a method without changing the signature. we can override a function in base class by creating a similar function in derived class
- - - - abstraction is a concept which facilitates to extract out the essential information of an object. in oop, conceptualization of real world objects into the software program