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Leaves (Petiole (abscission zone (Leaf Scar), Stipules Chinese_chestnut…
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- unable to photosynthesize
- flat light-harvesting portion
- outer layer that protects the leaf
- water loss through epidermis= transpiration
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- larger veins protrude like backbones
- ground tissues interior to the leaf
- along upper surface of most leaves
- in the lower portion of the leaf
- between the palisade parenchyma and spongy mesophylll
- A eudicot usually has one large mid-rib, also called a midvein, from which lateral veins emerge that branch into narrow minor veins
- transition between the stem and the lamina
- are morphologically variable and might appear as glands, scales, hairs, spines, or laminar (leaf-like) structures.
- The shoot apical meristem (SAM), at the tip of the plant stem, has two roles; it is the source of the new cells that are needed for stem growth, and it is the site of small cellular outgrowths, called leaf primordia (LP)
- Monocot leaves, like those of eudicots, are initiated by the expansion of some shoot apical meristem cells to form a leaf primordium.
- are thick and fleshy, a shape that reduces the surface-to-volume ratio and favors water conservation.
- Sclerophyll is a type of vegetation that has hard leaves, short internodes (the distance between leaves along the stem) and leaf orientation parallel or oblique to direct sunlight. ... Sclerophyllous plants occur in many parts of the world, but are most typical in the chaparral biomes.
- Most conifers have needle-like leaves such as the fir, pine, spruce and larch. Some, like cedar, cypress and juniper trees, have scale-like leaves and do not shed individual leaves, but shed short branches bearing one or more years growth. Most conifers have seeds on the surface of their scales, forming seed cones
- Bud scales act as protection for newly formed leaves and branch growth. They form at the end of the growing season once the leaves have fallen off the branches. Bud scales form in preparation for both new leaves and the extension of a stem's growth.
- In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function.
- a tendril is a specialized stem, leaves or petiole with a threadlike shape that is used by climbing plants for support, attachment and cellular invasion by parasitic plants, generally by twining around suitable hosts found by touch. They do not have a lamina or blade, but they can photosynthesize.
- Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods. Carnivorous plants have adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen, such as acidic bogs
- bundle sheath cells A layer of cells in plant leaves and stems that forms a sheath surrounding the vascular bundles. In C 4 plants (see C4 pathway) the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts and are the site of the Calvin cycle.
- A strip of ground tissue between vascular bundles and epidermis in leaf - can be hypodermal and consist of parenchyma, collenchyma
- strands of conducting vessels extending from the stem to the base of a leaf.
- compound leaf has a blade divided into several individual parts
- simple leaf has a blade of just one part
- Leaf abscission takes place at the base of the petiole which is internally marked by a distinct zone of few layers of thin-walled cells arranged transversally across the petiolar base
- A leaf scar is the mark left by a leaf after it falls off the twig. It marks the site where the petiole attached to the stem. A leaf scar is typically found below a branch as branches come from axillary buds located above leaf scars.
