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Circulatory disorders (Infarction (Characteristics (Tissue in which it…
Circulatory disorders
Infarction
Causes
Thrombosis and embolism
Compression of a vessel
Characteristics
Tissue in which it occurs
Duration of occlusion
Type and size of vessel
Tissue in which it occurs
Organs with collateral blood supply
Organs with end arteries
Organs with dual blood supply
Hyperaemia
Disseminated intra-vascular coagulation
Embolism
Thrombo-emboli
Projectile emboli
Air emboli
Parasitic emboli
Tumour emboli
Bacterial emboli
Fungal emboli
Spodogenous emboli
Amniotic fluid emboli
Cholesterol emboli
Fat emboli
Fibrocartilaginous emboli
Nitrogen emboli
Haemorrhage
Causes
Platelet disorders
Disorders of the clotting cascade
Widespread endothelial injury
Acute and severe increase in blood pressure
Trauma
Macroscopic description
Ecchymosis
Suggilation
Petechium
Haematoma
May occur as
Haemorrhage per diabrosis
Haemorrhage per diapedesis
Haemorrhage per rhexis
Types
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Rapid blood loss
Death
Gradual blood loss
Anaemia
Thrombosis
fate of thrombi
Propagation
Fragmentation
Resolution
Organization
Organized and incorporated into wall
Organized and canalized
Pathogenic pathways
Abnormal blood flow
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial cell injury
Different types
Arteriothrombi
Phlebothrombi
Shock
Pathological
changes in organs
Brain
Intestines
Lungs
Liver
Heart
Adrenal glands
Kidneys
Types
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Septic shock
Hypovolaemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Stages of shock
Irreversible stage
Progressive stage
Non-progressive stage
Oedema
Causes
Reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Endothelial cell injury
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
Significance of oedema
Macroscopic appearance
Congestion
Chronic
Vein compression
Gravity-induced
Acute