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NEOPLASIA (The pathogenesis of neoplasia (How is the cell cycle involved…
NEOPLASIA
The pathogenesis of neoplasia
How is the cell cycle involved in oncogenesis?
The rate of growth of a neoplasm
Oncogenesis is a multi-step (‘multiple-hit’) process
Telomeres
Are tumours monoclonal or polyclonal in origin?
Tumour angiogenesis
Neoplastic cells suffer from partial or complete maturational arrest
Transformed cells show a variety of cell surface changes
Genetic aspects of neoplasia
Epigenetic
5 Families
Genetic
Oncogenes
Anti-oncogenes
Effects of tumours on the host
Direct effects
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Cachexia
Humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM)
immunocompromised
Metastasis of neoplasms
implantation
vascular spread
direct invasion
The aetiology of neoplasms
chemicals cause
DNA and RNA viruses
physical cause
Microscopical aspects of tumours
Grading and staging
Nomenclature and classification
Macroscopical aspects of tumours
Immunological aspects of neoplasia