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8.4.5 (Management of Biometrics covers (• Data integrity, authenticity and…

- - - - compared to other biometrics methods is the lack of uniqueness of hand geometry data
      - injury to the hand may cause the measurements to change,
        resulting in recognition problems.
  - - - After it is aligned, a camera takes a picture of the user’s iris and compares it with a stored image
    - - to iris identification is that contact with the device is not needed, which contrasts with other forms of identification, such as fingerprint and retinal scans.
    - - the high cost of the system, as compared to other biometric technologies,
      - and the high amount of storage requirements needed to uniquely identify a user
  - - - lowest FAR among the current biometric
        methods.
    - - retinal scanning include
        
        the need for fairly close physical contact with the scanning device, which impairs user acceptance,
        
        and the high cost.
  - - - low cost,
      - small size of the device
      - ability to physically interface into existing client-server–based systems
      - and ease of integration into existing access control methods.
    - - the need for physical contact with the device
      - the possibility of poor-quality images due to residues, such as dirt and body oils, on the finger
      - Additionally, fingerprint biometrics are not as effective as other technique
  - - - it is acceptable to users because it is fast and easy to use.
- - - - number of times an individual granted
        authority to use the system is falsely rejected by the system.
    - - aggregate measure of type-I error rates
      - the proportion of people who fail to be enrolled successfully.
    - - is the number of times an individual not granted authority to use a system is falsely accepted by the system.
    - - which is the percent showing when false rejection and acceptance are equal.
      - is an adjustment point where the two errors are equal
- - - - the specific features of the signature and
      - the specific features of the signing process.
    - - it is fast, easy to use and has a low
        implementation cost.
      - even though a person might be able to duplicate the visual image of someone else’s signature, it is difficult if not impossible to duplicate the dynamics
        
        (e.g., time duration in signing, pen-pressure, how often pen leaves signing block, etc.).
    - - capturing the uniqueness of a signature particularly when a user does not sign their name in a consistent manner
      - users’ signing behavior may change when signing onto signature identification and authentication
        
        “tablets” versus writing the signature in ink onto a piece of paper.
  - - - • The large volume of storage requirements
      - • Changes to people’s voices
      - • The possibility of misspoken phrases
      - • A clandestine recording of the user’s voice saying the passphrase could be made and played back to gain access.
      - • Background noises can interfere with the system.