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Kanthapura (Written: 1929) (Published: 1938) https://www.litcharts…

- - - - His mother died when he was 4 years old
        
        He went to a Muslim public school and was the only Hindu student there.
        
        Studied English at the University of Madras
        
        Moved to France to study French history and literature
        
        Moved to America and taught Philosophy at the University of Texas
        
        Married actress Katherine Jones and later Susan Vaught
        
        Participated in the Indian independence movement
        
        Married Camille Mouly
        
        Around this time he wrote Kanthapura
- - - - Gandhi launched the Non-cooperation movement which encouraged Indians to abstain from using British liquor, clothing, resign from British positions
        
        Gandhi was imprisoned for two years and went on long hunger strikes to protest against violence.
        
        British levied tax on salt and Gandhi led the Dandi March to make his own salt.
        
        Launched the 'Quit India movement' (1940's) to demand self-rule
- - - - Preserving oral through writing
        
        How writing may have been used at each phase of the story
- - - - Achakka is an old woman with near encyclopaedic knowledge about the village, its history, people and its Gods
      - Sthala-Purana (traditional legendary history)
      - Story starts, placing Kanthapura, landscape-south-western ghats, colonial spice trade
        
        Village deity: Kenchamma
        
        Fought demon on Kenchamma hill and protects the people of the village.
        
        Introduces residents of village of all castes
        
        Educated and wealthy Brahmins
        
        Dore
        
        Wealthy, Orphan, considers himself to be a Gandhian after studying at the university
        
        Moorthy
        
        Refuses to marry into another wealthy family
        
        1
        Finds a 'linga' in the backyard of Achakka
        
        1 more item...
        
        Mother: Narsamma
        
        12
        Swami, mixes castes, excommunicated and she fears for her son.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Potters and weavers
        
        Slowly turning towards agriculture
        
        Parihas
        
        Live in decrepit huts on the edge of city
        
        Powerful figures
        
        Bhatta
        
        Brahmin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Range Gowda
        
        Patel sudra
        
        1 more item...
        
        Chinamma
        
        Bade Khan
        
        Policeman, Muslim
        
        5
        Skeffington Coffee Estate
        
        18
        Tries to breakup study lessons
        
        Sahib
        
        6
        Offers Bade Khan a hut among the workers
        
        15
        Sahib, motivated workers to work at the estate, indentured, lowest wage, stealing wage, encourages spend wages drinking
        
        1 more item...
        
        Waterfall Venkamma
        
        Temple Rangappa
        
        Wife: Lakshamma
        
        Rangamma
        
        Wealthy widow
        
        11.
        Large house, Moorthy stockpiles spinning wheels and books about non-violent movement
- - - - Source of purification
        (people pass through it on their way out from the village, funeral pyre, ashes of the dead)