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Role of Education in Society Marxism (Bowles and Gintis: schooling in…
Role of Education in Society Marxism
Althusser: the ideological state apparatus
The state consists of two apparatuses which serve to keep the bourgeoisie in power
The repressive state apparatuses, which maintain the rule of the bourgeoisie by force or the threat of it
The ideological state apparatuses, which maintain the rule of the bourgeoisie by controlling poeple's ideas, values and beliefs
He argues that the education system is a ISA. Education reproduces class inequality by transmitting it from generation to generation
Inequality is inevitable
Bowles and Gintis: schooling in capitalist America
School helps to produce the obedient workers that captalism needs
Capitalism requires a workforce that accepts hard work, low pay and orders from above
Study of high school New York students
The correspondence principle and the hidden curriculum
Both schools and workplaces are hierarchies, with head teachers or bosses and workers or pupils at the bottom
Bowles and Gintis refer to those parallels between school and the workplace as the "correspondence principle"
Through everyday workings of the school, pupils become accustomed to accepting hierarchy and competition
The myth of meritocracy
The education system legitimizes class inequalities. It does this by producing ideologies that serve to explain and justify why inequlaity is fair and inevitable
Evidence shows that the main factor determining whether or not someone has a high income is their family and class, not their educational achievement
Willis: learning to labour
The lad's counter-culture
The lads opposed to the school. They find school boring and meaningless and flout its values and rules
The lad's counter-culture ensures that they are destined for the unskilled work that capitalism needs someone to perform
Criticisms
Postmodernists argue that education now reproduces diversity, not inequality
Marxists see class as the key inequality and ignore all other kinds