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USSR (The Krondstadt Mutiny (Charges of Counter-Revolutionary and…
USSR
The Krondstadt Mutiny
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Kronstadt is a naval fortress on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland that served as the base of the Russian Baltic Fleet.
The rebellion was crushed by the Red Army after a 12-day military campaign, resulting in several thousand deaths.
According to Lenin, the crisis was the most critical the regime had yet faced.
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Economic Background
After years of economic crises caused by World War I and the Russian Civil War, the Bolshevik economy started to collapse.
By 1921, the Bolsheviks were winning the Russian Civil War and foreign troops were beginning to withdraw, yet Bolshevik leaders continued to keep tight control of the economy through the policy of War Communism.
Industrial output had fallen dramatically. It is estimated that the total output of mines and factories in 1921 was 20 percent of the pre-World War I level, with many crucial items suffering an even more drastic decline.
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The Red Terror
Between 50,000 and 140,000 people were executed.
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Lenin started the 'Red Terror' because opposition was growing to the new government and the Civil War was starting.
The 'Red Terror' was a time of arrests and executions. It happened between September 1918 and February 1919.
The 'Red Terror' officialy ended in 1919, but the arrests and executions continued and accompanied the setting up of a dictatorship
Lenin was also reacting to an attempted assassination on him. The person - Fanya Kaplan - had tried to kill Lenin, Lenin survived and Fanya was executed without a trial.
The Cheka
It main aim in the Early stages of the Bolshevik control was to arrest opposition and prevent demonstrations against the government. Its methods also include execution with a single gunshot to the back of the head.
In areas controlled by the red army during the civil war terror was used to remove people due to there social status: middle-class people, nobles, priests, and better off peasants were all cheka targets.
It was set up in December 1917, just months after the Bolsheviks came to power
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In 1922, the end of the civil war the Cheka was renamed the GPU (state political Directorate) and in 1923 the GPU became the OGPU (All-union State Political Directorate)
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