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The USA 1917-41 (How and Why did 1920s USA Become Known as the Roaring…

- - - - After the war, industries had experienced expansion but because of the demand dropping, they began to produce less than they had during the war.
    - - Many farmers had taken out loans and didn't have enough money to back as a result, many people were in debt.
    - - After the war, many women lost their jobs to returning soldiers, increasing unemployment once more and the number of race riots increased.
  - - - These techniques reduced the amount of time required to manufacture goods, making them cheaper .
        
        This resulted in an increase for the demand for goods such as cards amongst Americans. This helped the economy to boom as the construction of them required the help of other industries.
  - - - This allowed people to buy goods while paying for them in instalments
        
        This helped the economy as it increased people's confidence in buying products due to stable employment and encouraged them to keep buying.
    - - Companies began to try to overwhelm consumers with images of their brands in order to change their buying habits.
        
        They also began to do this on radio
        
        These new advertising methods helped to create a consumer society in the 1920s. Encouraging people to buy new products or spend more time on brand names.
        
        This, once again increased the need for increased production.
        
        More production meant more jobs so people had more money to spend.
    - - Shopping had become a leisure activity.
        
        As America grew richer, people wants show that they were better than their neighbours and they could do this by buying consumer goods.
        
        This caused people to keep buying which helped the economy to keep growing.
    - - Between 1927 and 1929, 1.5 million ordinary Americans became involved in buying shares in the American stock market in Wall Street, New York.
        
        They began to use either their own money or by using borrowed money from a bank or broker to invest in shares.
        
        Once they sold these shares, usually at a profit, they could pay the loan back.
        
        This turned ordinary people into shareholders.
  - - - Farmers were still producing as much as they had during the war in the 1920s.
        
        Demand had dropped, but farmers were still producing 9% more than in the 1920s
        
        This left farmers unable to pay back the debts they had taken out to mechanise their farms and they also needed money fro fuel now.
  - - - Factory production grew by 35%
        
        Factory owners were able to meet demands due to mass production which decreased the cost of the goods increasing demand.
  - - - Cinema
        
        Movies became popular and as most Americans did not have a tv at home they went to the cinema on a weekly basis.
        
        This generated huge profits for the film industry.
      - Jazz & Dancing
        
        The popularity of jazz began to increase and inspired with it new forms of dancing. These included dances such as the Charleston and the Black Bottom
      - Sport
        
        Watching people's favourite sports became a popular hobby. Since people had more leisure time, they could spend their weekends, holidays and spare hours watching sports
      - Radio & Advertising
        
        People began to spend long amounts of time listening to the radio as it was a new form of entertainment.
      - Motoring
        
        The number of people who owned cars increased as they were cheaper. This made it easier to fo on holidays or day trips around America.
  - - - They were usually young, single working class women, middle-class college students and free-spirited upper class women.
      - They cut their hair short, coloured it, put on makeup and wore short skirts with stockings rolled down to their knees.
      - They influenced young women to feel more able to act independently. However, the flapper lifestyle was only for those who could afford it.
- - - - These allowed him to gain support using radio broadcasts to share his method directly with the people.
    - - This allowed him to be able to turn his New Deal policies into laws.
    - - He restored economic activity by using government money voted for by Congress to create jobs,
    - - He expanded the federal government by setting up new agencies to organise recovery and handle relief.
- - - - After being influenced by the 1915 film Birth of a Nation, the organisation was restarted by William Simmons.
        
        They still fought for supremacy bit expanded their core values.
        
        The WASPs, the end to immigration and christian values.
- - - - banks were forced to close.
      - Americans lost confidence and withdrew their savings
    - - A third of American farmers lost their land
      - The dustbowl occurred preventing farming in the places were it occured.
      - the prices for goods fell further
      - farmers couldn't make any money
    - - There was a fall in demand for goods as people could no longer afford them
      - In order to deal with this, businesses had to cut wages, reduce production and get rid of workers
      - Factories also closed down and people lost their jobs.
    - - Millions of Americans lost their jobs and by 1933, 24.9% of the potential workforce were unemployed.
    - - People were forced to move away from their homes in search of work or shelter.
    - - The government were doing nothing to help and did not keep their word so protests were held.
        
        The government fought against these protests, resulting in the killing of civilians, ruining Hoover's reputation
    - - People were unable to pay their mortgage and were made homeless.
        
        People began to make shanty towns known as Hoovervilles
- - - - $15,777 was stolen from the bank
  - - - Both Sacco and Vanzetti were executed on 23rd August 1927.
- - - - A few modernists in the town of Dayton approached John Scopes, a high school teacher to volunteer to break the law to see if it was enforceable in the courts
        
        Scopes then tested this, and was arrested.
        
        The trial ended with the Fundamentalists winning, but the trial helped Modernists to make some progress.
- - - - experienced investors then began to pull out of the stock market, and by 1929, most investors were desperate to sell their shares as prices continued to drop.
        
        By 13th November, stocks reached their lowest point. By this time, many investors were ruined and had lost their fortunes.
- - - - People still wanted to drink and did so secretly through organised crime.
        
        This increased the amount of gangsters and crime.