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Ecology of the peer group (Peers provide: (validation for the self,…
Ecology of the peer group
Peer groups:
satisfy certain belonging needs
often preferred to other socializing agents
influence not only social development, but cognitive and psychological development as well
Macrosystem influences: developmental tasks
developing morals and vlaues
morality of constraint: based on respect for persons in authority
morality of cooperation: based on mutual understanding between equals.
getting along with others
learning appropriate sociocultural roles
Achieving personal independence & identity
Peers provide:
validation for the self
encouragement to try new things
opportunities for comparison
self-discolsure
identity
Chronosystem influences: activities
significance & balance
parellel
associative
onlooker
solitary
cooperative
imitative play
testing play
exporatory play
model-building play
child development
psychological influence
sociocultural influence
cognitive influence
As children develop, peer group interaction, social relationships, and friendship become more complicated.
Dynamics & hierarchies
affect who is included & excluded , as well as who is a bully or a victim, which affects children's behavior & self-esteem
antisocial gang behavior usually occurs in the peer groups whose members lack family support & live in poor, unsupportive neighborhoods.
gangs are allegiances that engage in unlawful activities
Prosocial behavior includes
peer collaboration
tutoring
meditation
A peer group: a microsystem that comprises relationships, roles, activities
peers are a group of equals, usually of the same age, gender, & socioeconomic status, who share the same interests.
Affects:
social development (social conformity & competence) by providing opportunities for comparisons w/ others, by providing opportunities for independence from adults, and allowing children to "learn by doing"
cognitive development (social cognition) by enabling understanding about people, the self, relations between people, social groups' role and rules, & the relation of such conceptions to social behavior
psychological development (emotions) by meeting the needs of belonging & social interaction as well as promoting a sense of self and personal identity