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Literary Style –Poetry & Fiction (Functions of Literature （poetry,…
Literary Style –Poetry & Fiction
Functions of Literature
（poetry, fiction, drama, prose)
Appreciation（欣赏）;
Affection（感染）;
Spiritual nourishment（心灵鸡汤）
Mainly achieved by metaphorizing the world——
By “Simulate, Imagine, Fantasize”
现实主义，浪漫主义，狂想《变形记》
Take poetry for example
Through musical beauty (patterns of sound)
Through imagery beauty
Through implicational beauty
English Poetry
Free verse Metrical verse 自由诗 韵律诗
→Narrative Dramatic Lyric 叙述 戏剧 歌词
→Ballad Ode Idyll Pastoral Sonnet Elegy 颂歌 牧歌/田园诗 十四行诗 挽歌
Elements of Fiction
语言层面
Figurative Use of Language
Iconicity & Symbolization
（形象与象征）
Iconicity, 在诗歌中叫“imagery”；
形象语言（portraying or depicting of sound, scene, actions as if actually visualized by readers, appealing to the senses)；
Symbolization: 赋予形象描写以某种抽象或象征的意义。
Humor & Irony（幽默与反讽）
Humor (幽默) 通过 metaphor/simile, hyperbole, pun, irony, sarcasm, parody, allusion, bathos/anticlimax, intertext 等手段来实现。
Irony (反讽) 分三种：
2）Dramatic Irony: Oedipus the King, Othello
3）Situational Irony: O. Henry’s “The Gift of the Magi”
1）Verbal Irony
(反话正说、正话反说）
What a fine day it is today!
as soft as concrete
叙述层面
Narrative point of view
Third Person (all-powerful)
Third Person (limited)
First Person
Second Person
Story & Plot 时间顺序vs因果顺序chronology vs causality
Characterization
Tone and Attitude