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Practical Style – Business, Legal English (Legal documents (genre…
Practical Style – Business, Legal English
Business English
Semantic features: 6 C Principles
Correctness and Completeness
Clearness and Conciseness
Consideration and Courtesy
Written or formal: letters, reports, contracts, advertisements, etc.
Oral or informal: negotiations, memos, notes, emails, faxes, etc.
Elements to be included in business letters
Sources of information;
Purpose of your letter;
Profile of your company;
Introduction of your products, esp. the products you want to sell;
Encouraging words.
syntactic features
Sentence structure
Features: Noun phrases with post-modifiers:
名词多后修饰
Use of voices (for something negative)
consideration＆politeness
客观的公正的impersonal＆impartial
Use of affirmative sentences 代替消极的否定句
Inverted sentences
Use of mood (for something negative) 语气不肯定 请求 试探 imperative mood，subjunctive mood... 情态词低级到高级
Lexical features
Special terms
Legal documents
genre
Constitution
Law
Agreements协议
Leases租约
Guarantees
Public signs
Characteristics of style
Syntactic complexity;
Redundancy;法律英文不嫌重复
Conservativeness
Grammatical features
Basic sentence structure
If (In case) X, then Y should be/or do Z
Verbal groups
Three types of verbs:
“say”, “do”, “be” something
say, certify, declare, agree, state, issue, deem, announce, authorize
动作pay, do, act, purchase, punish, break, carry
被动be liable to, be subject to, cause to, make, enable, be eligible
Noun phrases
Noun phrases with post modifiers:
The lessors hereby demise unto the Tenant ALL THAT flat or suite
of rooms known as Number six in the mansion or building (hereby called the said mansion) known as The Tower’s Carlton Road N16 in the country of London
(all that flat is hereinafter called “the demised premises”) …
Adverbials
A lot of adverbials to indicate time, place, manner, cause, result, etc.