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Health, stress and coping (Stress mediators (Appraisal (thinking a…

- - - - any unpleasant or threatening event that forces people to change
      - catastrophic events
        
        sudden unexpected, potentially life threatening
        
        natural disasters, terrorist attack
      - life changes
        
        divorce, illness, family difficulties
      - chronic problems
        
        continue over a long period of time
        
        high crime neighbourhood, victim of discrimination
      - daily hassels
        
        cummulative effects are significant
    - - Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe
        
        Social Readjustment Rating scale/ SRRS
        
        high scores- physical and mental disorders
        
        life events
        
        equal to the sum of Life change Units (LCU)
      - Life experience Survey (LES)
        
        peoples perceptions
        
        how well they were able to cope
        
        able to write in any stressors and rate them
- - - - Hans Selye
      - 3 stages
        
        Alarm
        
        changes in heart rate, respiration and perspiration
        
        more dramtic- mobilising body's adaptive energy
        
        Sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) system
        
        stressor- hypothalamus ( activate sympathetic branch)- medulla of adrenal gland ( catecholamines)- bloodstream to organs
        
        Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system (HPA)
        
        hypothalamus- pituitary glands( adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) )- stimulate cortex of adrenal glands ( corticosteroids)- fight inflamation/ endorphin( painkiller
        
        Resistance
        
        If stressor persists
        
        body settles in to resists the stressor on long-term basis
        
        still working hard to cope
        
        Exhaustion
        
        uses up the body adaptive energy
        
        organs being to weaken
        
        cortisol and adrenaline- damage heart and blood vessels
        
        suppress funcitioning of immune system
        
        diseases of adaptation- illness that are caused or worsened by stressor
      - body's resistance to stress temporarily drops below normal - absorbs initial impact
  - - - severe- anxiety disorder, depressive
    - - inability to concentrate- ruminative thinking ( intrusion of thoughts)
      - catastrophising
      - narrowing attention
      - impulsiveness, foolishness
    - - people attempt to avoid stressor- alcohol, eat
      - aggression
      - quit job. school, suicide
      - PTSD- asylum seekers in detention
      - burnout