COMPUTING II

WORD PROCESSOR
MICROSOFT WORD

INTERNET

DATABASES
MICROSOFT ACCESS

SPREADSHEET
MICROSOFT EXCEL

Menus

Document Management

Introduction

Format of Paragraphs

Basic concepts

Introduce data

Introduction

Type of data

Types of Database

Sequential Properties of the Fields

Introduction

Creation of Tables

Email

Electronic Commerce

Internet architecture

Basic services

Word for Microsoft Windows is the processor of texts more widespread both in the world of PCs like in the Macintosh.

Operation of the Menus:

  • When a menu is opened, the most used options appear or those that are most
    recently used.
  • To visualize all the options of the menu you have to click on the symbol that appears at the end of the menu.
  • If the menu is left open for some time, the complete menu also appears without need to click on the symbol at the end of the menu.

Different ways of seeing a Document:

  • In Normal mode the entire document is viewed in a continuous way (the jumps of page appear in the form of a horizontal dotted line).
  • Opening the View menu and choosing the Print Layout option, the document appears as a succession of pages, with the boundaries between one and another clearly marked.
  • From the Document Map mode in the View menu, the screen is divided into two columns, On the left, an index of the current document appears, while on the right
    the document itself appears.
  • The last command of the View menu is the Zoom command, which allows you to control the
    size of what appears on the screen

Work with two parts of the same document:
For this, Word 2000 has the ability to divide the screen in two parts, each with its own scroll bars.

Work several documents at the same time:
In Word 2000 it is possible to work simultaneously with several documents. For that, enough with open all of them, and move from one to another through the Window menu. It is possible to copy or move text and any other type of elements (graphics, formulas, etc.) of a document to another.

Parts of the Template:

  • The title bar, in it appears the name of the application (Microsoft Word).
  • The menu bar, from which it is possible to open the menus that give access to the most important commands of the program.
  • Above the text, the last bar appears, called Ruler (rule). You can control the
    text bleeds, tabulations, and in general what has to do with the measures
    of the page in cm (or inches).
  • The status bar appears in the lower part of the window, in which the page and section, the total number of pages, the line and the column of the screen in the what is the cursor, the time, etc.

Save or close documents:

  • To save documents, use the Save icon in the bar Standard tools, or Save or Save As commands in the File menu, depending on whether you are updating an existing file or creating a new one that does not have an assigned name yet.
  • Any document that is not recorded on disk is in danger of erased from memory and losing all the work done.

Search Documents:

  • In Word 2000 with the Find option, it is activated through the Tools menu of the File / Open command dialog box.
  • In the lower part of the window appear the dialogs in which You can specify the characteristics that the files that must be search (the name, the date of the last modification, author, etc).

Open new or existing documents:

  • When Word 2000 starts from the Start menu, it will appear on the screen a new blank document that by default is called Document1.
  • To open an existing document, click on the icon Open the Standard toolbar, or choose the Open option from the File menu. A dialog box opens and the file that is selected
    you want to open, located in the selected drive and directory.

Format the Text:
One of the most typical characteristics of a word processor is its ability to format text, changing any of its characteristics, such ability to format text, changing any of its characteristics, such as margins, fonts, line spacing, etc. In a document of Word 2000 can perform format operations at four levels: document, section, paragraph and character.

Bleeding of Paragraphs:
The indentation of paragraphs -Indents- allows the first and / or all the other lines of a paragraph to start at a certain distance from the left margin.
Bleeding may depend on the positions of the tabs, or be established independently of them. The Left and Right boxes control the position of the left and right margins.

Spaces between lines and paragraphs:
You can control the distance between the lines of a paragraph (Line Spacing), as well as an additional space (Spacing) before and after each paragraph.

Using the rule or ruler directly, and the buttons on the Formatting toolbar.
Paragraph formatting tasks are performed either by using the Formatting toolbar buttons, or by using the Format / Paragraph command.
Paragraph Alignment:

  • Alignment to the left (Left). Aligns the text in the left margin, leaving the right margin irregularly.
  • Right alignment. The text is aligned only on the right.
  • Centered alignment. The centered text is arranged between the left and right margins.
  • Justified alignment (Justified). The text is aligned both on the left and on the right margin.

Tabulators:

  • Tabs are usually preset at intervals of 1.27 cm (one-half inch), from the left margin. These default tabs appear on the Ruler in the form of very faint marks.
  • Each time the Tab key is pressed, the cursor moves to the position of the next tabulator.
  • You can change the spacing between the default tabs (Format / Tabs command), as well as dispense with the default tabs and enter the tabs themselves.

Excel is a spreadsheet belonging to the Microsoft Office package.
A spreadsheet is a computer tool capable of working with numbers in a simple and intuitive way. To do this, a grid is used where numbers, letters and graphics can be entered in each cell of the grid.

The columns are numbered by letters A, B, C, and the rows by numbers 1, 2,3, .

  • The title bar: contains the name of the document on which you are working at that moment.
  • The menu bar: contains the Excel operations, grouped into drop-down menus.
    The standard toolbar: contains icons to immediately execute some of the most common operations, such as Save, Copy, Paste, etc.
  • The format bar: contains the most common operations on formats, such as putting in bold, italics, choosing font type, etc.

A workbook is the main file Excel works with, that is, everything that is done in this program will be stored forming the workbook and inside it.
When you start an Excel session, you automatically open a new workbook with the temporary name of Book1.
The spreadsheet is like a large grid sheet formed by 256 columns and 65,536 rows.

Rapid Movement of the Book:
The most direct is to use the label bar.
Clicking on any tab will change to the corresponding sheet.
You can also use key combinations to scroll within the workbook:
Next sheet ---- CTRL + AVPAG
Previous Sheet ------ CTRL + REPAG

In each of the cells of the sheet, it is possible to enter texts, numbers or formulas.
If before changing the information you change your mind and you want to restore the contents of the cell to its initial value, you just have to press the Esc key on the keyboard or click on the Cancellation Box in the formula bar.

Modify data:
If the entry of data has not been validated and an error is made, it can be modified using the Backspace key to erase the character to the left of the cursor, making it back one position.
If after changing the information you change your mind and you want to restore the contents of the cell to its initial value, just press the Esc key on the keyboard or click on the Cancellation Box in the formula bar.

In a spreadsheet, the different types of data that can be entered are:
Constant values: it is a data that is entered directly in a cell. It can be a number, a date or time, or a text.
Numbers: To enter numbers you can include the characters 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and special signs + - () /% E e.
Date or Time: To enter a date or time, simply write it in the way you want it to appear.

Text:
To enter text as a constant, a cell is selected and the text is written. The text can contain letters, digits and other special characters that can be reproduced in the printer.
Formulas: It is a sequence formed by: constant values, references to other cells, names, functions, or operators. A formula is a basic technique for data analysis.
Functions: A function is a special formula written in advance that accepts a value or values, performs some calculations and returns a result.

  • A database is a set of stored data between which there are logical relationships and has been designed to meet the information requirements of a company or organization.
  • Architecture and concepts of a Database Administrator System:
    The database management system (DBMS) is an application that allows users to define, create and maintain the database, and provides controlled access to it.
  • Allows the definition of the database through the language of data definition.
  • Allows the insertion, update, deletion and consultation of data through the language of data management.

Access allows defining the following types of data for the fields: The type of field, allows to specify the type of information that we load in said field, this can be:
Text: to enter character strings up to 255.
• Memo: to enter an extensive text. Up to 65,535 characters.
• Numeric: to enter numbers. Stores 1,2,4,8 or 16 bytes.

  • Date / Time: to enter data in date or time format.
    • Currency: to enter data in number format and with the monetary sign.
    • Autonumbering: in this type of field, Access automatically numbers the content.

The properties of a field are established by selecting the field and clicking on the desired property of the Field Properties box located at the bottom of the Table Design window.

  • Access has a default configuration for the properties of each of the field types.
  • The size of the field is important, since it will allow us to estimate the space occupied by our database on the fixed disk.

We can create tables in two ways:

  1. Using the Wizard
  2. Create a table in design view: In this option we define the fields or characteristics of each of the records or elements that we will have in our table.
  • In each of the fields we specify the name of the field with which we want to appear reflected, the type of data to be stored and finally a small description of the field.

Queries:
Queries allow selecting in one or several tables or queries of a database several fields to which we can put conditions, to select only the records that verify them and present them in a certain order.

Communication services
Email, E-mail:
Probably the most widespread service on the Internet. There is always a simple and cheap way to communicate by e-mail. This service allows the exchange of electronic messages with any Internet user (and other networks).

Interest groups, News:
With this service you can create discussion platforms on different topics, you can send questions to the world, so that they can be answered by someone, giving rise to virtual round tables.



Virtual terminal, Telnet:
It allows converting the client station into a user terminal of the target machine, to use its utilities or access its data. Its use is usually restricted for security reasons.

Search Mechanisms:
Word Wide Web, www: * It is the newest service on the Internet and the most famous to the point of sometimes confusing the Internet itself with the service of www.

Servers: Are the machines in which the applications of the different services that can be used on the Internet reside. For example: World Wide Web servers, email servers, chat servers, among others.


DNS (domain name servers): Its function is to relate the IP addresses with the domain names.

The central axis, formed by a set of high speed lines.
The gateways, using their own protocol (within TCP-IP) are responsible for the routing of the data packets.


End users: are those that use Internet access providers, a local network.
Clients : Are the programs that reside in the end-user computers


Structure of the Messages:
Email messages, like old documents, have a formal structure. They start with a heading that specifies:
• The Sender (of :)
• The Recipient (to: or to :)
• The day and time it was sent (date :)
• What is it about (subject: or subject :)

Functioning:
When a user sends a message, the software that answers it gets in touch with the receiver's computer, using the email address, and transfers a copy of the message to it (through the standardized protocol that controls the transfer of files on the Internet, the TCP) that is stored in the recipient's mailbox, at the same time as it is notified.

The electronic mail (or e-mail) was designed so that two people could exchange letters using the ordinary postal service.
Current email systems support more complete services that allow more complex actions such as: Send the same message to many people; Include text, voice, video or graphics; Connect with a user outside the Internet; Send messages automatically, from a computer, etc.

Opportunities :
Electronic commerce offers the possibility of changes, changes that radically modify the expectations of customers and redefine the market or create completely new markets.
All companies, including those that ignore new technologies, will feel the impact of these changes on the market and the expectations of customers.
Electronic commerce offers varied opportunities to suppliers and multiple benefits to customers / consumers.

Types of Electronic Commerce:
Electronic commerce, according to the agents involved, can be subdivided into four different categories:

  • Company-company
    • Business-consumer
    • Company-administration
    • Consumer-administration

New business / New products and services:
In addition to redefining markets for existing products and services, electronic commerce also provides completely new products and services.