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Chemistry (3.4 (half - life and properties of radiation (Half-life is the…
Chemistry
3.4
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Types of nuclear decay
Beta decay
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When a nucleus undergoes beta decay, a neutron is converted into a proton which increases the atomic number by one, meaning a new element is formed
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Gamma decay
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Gamma rays are given the symbol y, they are just like x-rays but more powerful
Sometimes protons and neutrons simply rearrange inside the nucleus but do not emit a particle, instead releasing a form of light
Alpha decay
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Alpha decay only occurs in atoms with very heavy nuclei- this is usually where the mass number is greater than 100
during alpha decay, a nucleus ejects an alpha particle, which is a cluster of two protons and two neutrons
fission and fussion
In a fusion reaction, two small nuclei come together to form a larger nucleus
In a fission reaction, a large nucleus splits into two almost equally sized pieces
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Protons and neutrons are always rearrangement, sometimes it can cause nuclei to emit high-energy electromagnetic radiation and particles, this is known as nuclear decay
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Useful radiation
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There is a wide variety of industrial applications for radiation. Radiation is commonly used in the process of sterilisation to kill bacteria in medical equipment and even in food. This means that equipment such as bandages and needles can be sterilised without the need for harmful chemicals. Foods treated with radiation last longer before rotting or going stale.
Although radiation causes cells to become cancerous, it is also one of the most important tools for the treatment of cancers. This type of treatment is known as radiotherapy. During radiotherapy, the cancerous tumour is exposed to high concentrations of radiation. This radiation is used to kill the cells in the tumour and stop them multiplying.
Radioisotopes/ isotopes
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Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, the isotopes atomic number stays the same but they have a different mass number
2.1 & 2.2
Periodic Table
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The periodic table is a list of all 118 known elements, arranged in order of their atomic number
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3.2
Acid and carbonate
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When the base is a carbonate, the reaction between it and an acid produces carbon dioxide as well as a salt and water
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Acid and metal
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Acids corrode metals, which results in the formation of a salt and hydrogen gas
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2.3
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Acids produce hydrogen ions in solutions, bases form hydroxide ions in solution
Measuring pH 
Properties of acids
react with some metals, releasing hydrogen gas and leaving salt behind
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