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12th and 13th class coggle (• How to compile the project report (o …
12th and 13th class coggle
• General methods of Costing
o Input Based Costing
o Market/Class Based Costing
• Consumer Psychology based costing does not need costing
• Low cost does not create social impact in elite class
• Big Brands
o Do Input based costing
o But do not offer it to consumers
o offer high prices
o because elite class see things as high price high quality
• Selling Price is set:
o Keeping in mind the class to which product is going to be offered
• Competition can be:
o On price (Pakistanis are more price oriented)
o On quality (Americans are more quality oriented)
o We have to be focused on both in our project
• In order to compete we have to be focused on providing a blend of quality and price
• Some examples of quality based expensive products are:
o G-17: the supreme steel of Pakistan and the most expensive one as well.
o Italian cakes are sold in Pakistan at high prices ranging from 1, 00,000 to 5, 00,000 rupees.
• Expensive brands focus on presentation like;
o Hotels
o Restaurants
o High end clothing brands
• People should not create
o Discrimination but,
o Social impact
• Social Costing:
o Can be positive or negative
o If a product is violating the society its social impact is negative
o Costing and Pricing can be cost based example: certain percentage of the profit will go for the benefit of the society.
o Or a certain percentage will go to a orphan house
• How to compile the project report
o Front page is divided in to two parts: title page and project poster
o Acknowledgement: tribute to others
o Table of contents; will include headings and subheadings
o Abstract: 1-2 pages 400-500 words
o Introduction/background: 3-4 pages
o Why project is important for society 4-5 pages
o Methodology: 3-4 pages along with coggle
o General Market Analysis: potential of the product, opportunities, threats, demand etc.
o Costing: contain costing table and description regarding welfare of the society.
o Pricing: features, profit and welfare
o Marketing plan: elaborated marketing plan of 4-5 pages.
o Conclusion: 1-2 pages 150-300 words
o References:
o Appendix: Will include each and everything necessary to explain the project
o Letter to the sir
• Writing style of the Project Report:
o Leave one inch from left, right, top and bottom
o Font style: times new roman
o Font size: 12 for content 13 for headings and subheadings
o 1 enter after each heading
o Bold headings and capital letters
o use A4 size paper
o line spacing: 1.15
o use justified text
o use only Header
o A paragraph should be of 4-5 lines not less than that
o Introduction and background can be merged into one
o Abstract background and conclusion will be running text