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Revision for End of Year Assessment (The Six R's of sustainability…
Revision for End of Year Assessment
Energy generation - There are many different sources of energy. However, not all of them are renewable; some are finite and will eventually run out.
Renewable sources
Solar energy (the sun)
Wind energy (turns wind turbines that convert the energy into electricity
Biomass (plants)
Tidal energy
Hydroelectricity
Finite sources
Coal
Crude oil
Natural gas
New, Composite and Smart materials
New materials - materials that have been made to contain properties that other materials don't have. For example, plastic that can change colour when electricity runs through it.
Composite materials - when two or more materials are combined to make a new material containing improved properties. For example, concrete is a composite material containing water, concrete mix and sand.
Smart materials - materials that react to changes in the environment. For example, photochromic particles change colour when there is a change in light intensity affecting them. These can be used in sunglasses.
Motion
Linear motion - when an object goes in one straight direction, it is experiencing liner motion.
Rotary motion - when an object goes in a circular motion, it is experiencing rotary motion.
Oscillating motion - When an object goes back and forth in a curved path, it is experiencing oscillating motion
Reciprocating motion - when an object goes back and forth in one direction (linear), it is experiencing reciprocating motion
Mechanisms
Levers - a lever consists of three main parts: a fulcrum (pivot) a place where effort is applied, and a place where the load is applied. There are three different classes of levers.
Class 1 - the fulcrum is placed between where the effort and load are applied. An example of a class 1 lever would be a seesaw.
Class 2 - the load is placed between the fulcrum and where the effort is applied. An example of a class 2 lever is a suitcase: the wheels are the fulcrum, the load is the clothes in the case, and the effort is applied on the handle to lift the case
Class 3 - the effort is placed between the pivot and the load. An example of a class 3 lever is tweezers.
Linkages - a linkage is an assembly of bodies to manage forces and movement. They help make jobs easier, for example, cranes help lift crates and other loads because they take away the force needed. There are different types of linkages.
Reverse motion linkage - the direction of the input is reversed in the output. For example, if you pull as an input, the output will be a push.
Parallel motion linkage - The output direction will be the same as the input direction. For example, if the input direction is a push, the output direction will be a push.
Crank and Slider - one pivot stays in place while rods move backwards and forwards in a slider.
Bell and crank linkage - The output direction will be converted 90 degrees to the input direction.
Material areas
Types of wood
Manufactured board - this is wood that has been manufactured/man-made. An example of this is MDF wood.
Softwood - this is wood that has taken a small amount of time to grow. Some properties are that it is easy to cut and shape, and cheaper to use than hardwoods. Some examples of softwoods are pine and spruce.
Hardwoods - these are woods that usually take a few decades to grow, meaning they will be more expensive than softwoods. Some examples of hardwoods are balsa wood and oak wood.
Types of plastic
Thermosetting plastic - this is plastic that cannot be reshaped once heated. It can be shaped only once. this s because of the key links in its atomic structure that make the overall strength of it stronger.
Thermoplastics - this is plastic that can be reshaped with heat. This can be useful to create moulds for different products.
The Six R's of sustainability
Recycle - finally take the product apart and categorise the parts ready for being converted into another product. This uses a lot of energy.
Rethink - our current lifestyles and the way we design and make.
Refuse - to buy materials and products that are unsustainable.
Reuse - the product for something else so you don't need to throw it away.
Repair - the product so you don't need to throw it away.
Reduce - the amount of energy and materials used to manufacture a product.
CAD and CAM
CAD - Computer aided design, this is using programs and applications on a computer to make designs. This is useful because it can save time and help make precise measurements. Also, everything will be to scale and proportionate. An example of CAD is Techsoft.
CAM - Computer aided manufacture, this is using machines to help in the manufacture of a product. This can be useful because it will be accurate and precise, and help save time compared to making a product by hand. An example of CAM is laser cutters.