Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Antibiotics (dropped image link (*Protein Synthesis Abx 30s Abx 50s…

- - - - *Vancomycin
        
        blocks Synthesis of cell wall Abx
        --> Peptidoglycan D-ALA D -ALA synthesis
    - - *cephalosporins
        
        blocks Cross linking of cell wall Abx
        --> Peptidoglycan D-ALA D -ALA Cross linking
        
        Generations of Cephalosporins
        
        1st Gen = Cef
        
        2 Gen = Cef
        
        3 Gen = Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
        
        4 Gen = Cef
        
        *3 Gen Cephalosporins = Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
        
        common to use in STI intracellular bacteria
        --> Gonorrhea tx
        --> given for both usually though to make sure gonorrhea gone gone
        
        *1 Gen Cephalosporins = Cef
        -
        
        *2 Gen Cephalosporins = Cef
        -
        
        *4 Gen Cephalosporins = Cef
        -
        
        *5 Gen Cephalosporins = Cef
        -
        
        Resistance to Cephalosporins
        
        MEALS
      - *Penicillin Family
        
        blocks Cross linking of cell wall Abx
        --> Peptidoglycan D-ALA D -ALA Cross linking
        
        Beta-lactamase Inhibitors
        
        clavulinic acid, tazobactam, sulbactam
      - *carbapenems
        
        blocks Cross linking of cell wall Abx
        --> Peptidoglycan D-ALA D -ALA Cross linking
      - *monobactams
        
        blocks Cross linking of cell wall Abx
        --> Peptidoglycan D-ALA D -ALA Cross linking
  - - - *DNA free radical damage Abx
        
        metronidazole
      - *DNA Gyrase = topoisomerase Inhibitors
        
        Fluroquinolones + Quiniole = Nalidix Acid
    - - *Rifabutin
        
        Rifabutin = Rifampin
        --> BUT without the P450 Inducer of Rifampin- Fluroquinolones + Quiniole = Nalidix Acid
      - *Rifampin
        
        Rifampin
        
        P450 Inducer
- - - - Beta-lactamase Inhibitors
        
        clavulinic acid, tazobactam, sulbactam
  - - - 30s ribosome Protein synthesis inhibitors
        
        Aminoglycosides
        
        "save me from MYCINS ... AMEN"
        --> aminoglycosides = end in 'mycin
        --> "TORAH" = tobramycin
        --> "SEPTUA - GENT" = Streptomycin and Gentamycin
        --> "MICA" = Amikacin
        
        *Resistance to Aminoglycosides
        
        through actylation and inactivation of the drug
        
        "FORGIVE ME FOR MYCINS"
        --> resistant to the SEPTUAGENT and other BIBLE BOOKS from ADDING BOOKS to the bible
        
        Side Effects
        
        ottotoxicity
        
        nephrotoxicity
        
        Clinical Cases
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Notes:
        
        note that
        
        Gentamycin + Penicillin Synergistic effects
        
        for any protein synthesis blocker, penicillin can be added to help the antibiotic work
        
        note that amynoglycosides are often used for serious gram negative infections
        
        they CANNOT penetrate the thick cell wall of gram positive bacteria
        
        BUT for serious gram positive infections, they will often be given with a beta lactam that punch holes int he wall and let them in
      - 50s ribosome Protein synthesis inhibitors
- - - - ABC Efflux Pumps
        
        Clinical Cases
        
        ABC Efflux Pumps
        
        ATP Binding Cassette Pumps
        
        Notes:
        
        ABC Efflux pumps are used by bacteria to expel antibiotics that are toxic to them
        
        they cannot be targeted by drugs because our cells have very similar ATPases that also expel toxic substances from our own cells
        
        ABC Efflux pumps use high extracellular H+ and Na+ gradients to drive them
        --> this resistance works better in saline environments and in acidic = low pH environments
        --> makes sense as urinary tract has lower pH (4.5-8) so it is easier for them to be resistant to certain antibiotics
        
        they use antiport channels to bring in H+ and Na+ along their gradients to pump antibiotics out or also to generate ATP for ABC pumps
        
        Clinical Case: