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3.3 (4) (3A Software Selection and Acquisition (decision is generally…

- - - - (e.g., all changes to data files being made under system and application control rather than by direct user intervention)
- - - - • Coding and developing program and system-level documents :card_file_box:
      - • Debugging and testing the programs developed :warning:
      - • Developing programs to convert data from the old system for use on the new system :symbols: :arrow_right: :one: :two:
      - • Creating USER PROCEDURES TO HANDLE TRANSITION to the new system :joystick:
      - • Training selected users on the new system because their participation will be needed :books: :male-student:
      - • Ensuring modifications are documented and applied accurately and completely to vendor-acquired software to ensure that future updated versions of the vendor’s code can be applied :waning_crescent_moon: :last_quarter_moon: :waning_gibbous_moon: :full_moon:
      - • Identifying secure coding and configuration standards :diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside:
  - - - enhance the quality of programming activities and future maintenance capabilities,
    - - methods and techniques for internal
        (source-code level) documentation
      - methods for data declaration
      - an approach to statement construction
      - techniques for input/output (I/O)
    - - an essential CONTROL because
        
        they serve as a method of communicating among members of the program team, and between the team and users during system development.
      - MINIMIZE system development SETBACKS resulting from PERSONNEL TURNOVER
      - provide the MATERIAL NEEDED TO USE THE SYSTEM EFFECTIVELY,
      - required FOR EFFICIENT PROGRAM MAINTENANCE AND MODIFICATIONS
    - - easier to develop, understand and maintain because they are divided into subsystems, components, modules, programs, subroutines and units.
    - - when each software item performs dedicated function (Cohesion) retains independence
        from other comparable items (coupling)
        
        easier to determine how to apply a change and reduce chances of unintended consequences
    - - facilitate effective use of structured programming methods and techniques, an online programming facility should be available as part of an integrated development environment (IDE).
        
        programmers can enter, modify and delete programming codes as well as compile, store and list programs (source and object) on the development computer.
      - allows programmers to code and compile programs interactively with a remote computer or server from a terminal or a client’s PC workstation.
      - Advantages
        
        lower the development costs
        
        maintain rapid response
        time
        
        expand the programming resources and aids available (e.g., editing tools, programming languages, debugging aids)
      - potential weaknesses
        
        • The proliferation of multiple versions of programs
        
        • Reduced program and processing integrity through the increased potential for unauthorized access and updating
        
        Solution :- Access control software
        
        • The possibility that valid changes could be overwritten by other changes
  - - - debugging programs during system development is to ensure that all program abends (unplanned ending of a program due to programming errors) and program coding flaws are detected and corrected before the final program goes into production
    - - Logic path monitors
        
        Report on the sequence of events performed by the
        program, thus providing the programmer with clues on logic errors
      - Memory dumps
        
        Provide a picture of the internal memory’s content at
        one point in time.
        
        often produced at the point where the program fails or is aborted,
        
        providing the programmer with clues on inconsistencies in data or parameter values
      - Output analyzers
        
        Help check results of program execution for accuracy.
        
        This is achieved by comparing expected results with the actual results.