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Basal ganglia (Are involved with initiation of movement and converting…
Basal ganglia
Are involved with initiation of movement and converting thought into action
Determine how large movement will be and its intensity
Determine how rapidly movement will happen
Determine what movement will be made
Suppress unwanted movements
Walking
Basal ganglia determine what movements need to be put together into walking by communicating through the putamen circuit
Step 1: select movement to be made
Step 2: determine how rapidly movement will be made
Step 3: determine how large movement will be
Step 4: suppress any unwanted movements
Parkinson's disease
destruction of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of basal ganglia
Dopamine inhibits activity in motor areas of cerebral cortex
lack of dopamine leads to degradation of caudate and putamen circuit neurons
This degradation in the basal ganglia circuits that control conscious and subconscious movement leads to difficulties with movement
tremors
This leads to interruption in the walking pathway, especially in suppressing unwanted movements.
Leads to muscle rigidity and resting
Communicate through
Putamen circut
For subconscious execution of learned patterns
Caudate circut
For cognitive planning of motor patterns to achieve goals