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Structure of the atom (Electron arrangement (Nucleus of atom is surrounded…
Structure of the atom
Electron arrangement
Nucleus of atom is surrounded by a 'cloud'. The most probable region where electrons are found is called an orbital. Orbitals are grouped in energy levels. Electrons in energy levels close to centre are lower in energy and electrons further are higher
Electrons can move up a energy level by absorbing energy and drop energy levels by releasing energy as a photon of light
s - orbital: spherical shape, p - orbital: dumb-bell shape
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Isotopes
Atoms of an element with the same atomic number, and same number of protons but have different atomic masses due to different number of neutrons. Same chemical properties.
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Nucleus
The number of protons in the nucleus is represented by the atomic number (Z). Each proton has a mas of 1amu(atomic mass units).
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Ions
In a neutral atom, Protons = Electrons
Charged atoms(loses/gains electrons) are known as ions. Cation - Positive, Anion - Negative
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Atomic mass of atoms of every element is found by comparing it to the mass of an atom of carbon (carbon-12). Therefore it's referred to as relative atomic mass. Know Nuclear/Nuclide and Hyphen notation
know Aufbau/energy level diagram, sp notation (electron configuration) and noble gas electron configuration
Valence Electrons: Electrons in the outermost layer(highest energy level). Core electrons: Electrons that aren't valence electrons
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