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VITAMINS (dropped image link (*Fat Soluble Vitamins "A fat DEK of…

- - - - Vitamin B Family
        
        Vitamin B2 = *Riboflavin
        
        Taylor's / Thy Ribs' NICE N' Peter Patrick
        --> Taylor's RIB
        
        RiboFFlavin = VB2 needed for FAD+ / FADH
        --> NACK NACK GA FA NA
        --> starts on Citrate IS .... NACK NACK GA FA NA
        --> FA makes Fumurate
        --> FA = FAD = riboflavin needed for sunccinyl --> fumarate
        
        Vitamin B6 = *Pyridoxine
        
        VB6 = pyridoxine = pyridoxyl phosphate = PLP
        
        used in both Muscle / Liver transport pathways with Pyruvate
        --> CORI and CAHILL cycle
        
        used in 2 main Urea cycle dropoffs to the liver
        --> CAHILL cycle from muscle
        --> Glutamate alpha-Keto ammonia drop off from other tissues
        
        VB 6 cofactor for dracuALA Heme synthesis --> cofactor for dALA synthase
        
        *Heme Synthesis
        
        in the MIGHTY DRACUALA mitochondria of bone marrow and liver
        
        Blood = B6 cofactor pyridoxine for dALA synthase enzyme
        
        1 more item...
        
        MIGHTY DracuALA SUCK blood with his B6 GLISSENING Teeth
        
        MIGHTY = mitochondria makes Heme
        
        Dracu - ALA = d ALA = delta - aminolevulinic acid
        
        SUCKS = succinyl coA
        
        GLISTENNING = glycine
        --> succinyl coA and glycine both combine in MITO to make dALA then HEME
        
        Blood = B6 cofactor pyridoxine for dALA synthase enzyme
        
        Will Ferrel as a VAMPIRE DracuALA - K STEW Conan on Twighlight couple breaking up
        
        Will Ferrel = Fe and Ferochelase --> make HEME
        
        DracuALA --> Heme inhibits dALA dracuALA synthase
        
        Taylor and Peter Patrick = ADAM (Heme) and EVE (Her)
        Taylor = Thymine and Peter Patrick = Pyridoxine
        
        both control entrance into ATP Krebb's from AAs or pyruvate
        
        Taylor = Thymine = ATP / Krebbs
        
        A = Alpha keto
        
        T = transketolase (HMP)
        
        P = pyruvate DH (both keto and pyruvate = dehydrogenases)
        
        Peter Patrick = Pyridoxine = AST + ALT
        
        AST = (entrance to Krebbs through Aspartate /oxaloacetate,)
        
        ALT = entrance to pyruvate from Alanine
        --> VB6 = Peter Patrick PYED PYPER = pyridoxine = (Peter Patrick and Taylor) --> ALTs and ASTs
        
        VIKING BEE SAXOPHONE makes the NICE SUN wake up with his beautiful VIKING BEE SAXOPHONE
        
        VIKING BEE SAXOPHONEs music is made SEXY by the PIRATE DUCK backup singers he has
        --> pyridoxine = VIKING BEE SAXOPHONE 6
        
        the CYSTERN CYSTATHIONE THUMBLE SISTERS drive by and stop to thank the VIKING BEE for helping make them from where they used to be just HOBOS in the CYSTERN
        --> homocystein to cystathione
        --> sulfur contain AAs from the methionine VB12 FOLATE cycle
        
        GLYCOGEN GLIDER with PHOSPHOLACE DE CARDBOARD BOX DOG is pissed at VIKING BEE SAXOPHONE for BREAKING DOWN his GLIDER GLYCOGEN
        
        Methionine cycle
        
        coverts homocysteine to cysteine
        
        see under VB 12
        
        Vitamin B3 = *Niacin
        
        Taylor's / Thy Ribs' NICE N' Peter Patrick
        --> Pitter patters on the window / Pyed PYPER
        
        Niacin = VB3 good for hyperlipidemia and hypercholestermia
        --> lowering triglycerides and LDLs, raise HDL
        NIACIN is NICE with ASPIRIN
        
        Niacin for Hyperlipidemia
        
        ALWAYS take Niacin with ASPIRIN
        
        usually to stop the red skin flushing from PGE2
        
        Notes:
        
        note that Niacin lowers LDL and triglycerides
        
        raises HDLs
        --> overall lowers lipids and cholesterol
        
        side effect to Niacin is general skin flushing, redness and itchiness
        --> this comes from prostaglandin PGE2 release
        
        take Niacin with aspirin usually to stop the red skin flushing from PGE2
        
        **Niacin for Hyperlipidemia case**
        
        Notes:
        
        note that
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Niacin Deficiency
        
        *Pellegra
        
        Pellegra Triad = 3 Ds
        --> Dermatitis of sun areas
        --> Diarrhea
        --> Dementia
        
        often seen in alcoholics and poor nutrition
        
        1 more item...
        
        Niacin Synthesis
        
        Niacin is made from Tryptophan
        
        "Niacin wakes up the Viking 3 Bees with 2 things = Tri-toed fan + Viking Saxaphone"
        --> Tryptophan + VB6 make VB3
        
        VB Family and Pyruvate / Krebb's Cycle
        
        "Jack Johnson takes his B vitamins"
        Taylor's (Thy)= VB 1 = thyamine
        Ribs is = VB 2 = riboflavin
        Nice N' = VB 3 = niacin
        Peter = VB 5 = pantothenic acid
        Patrixx = VB 6 = pyridoxine
        (Pitter Patters / Pied Pyper )
        Buys 7= VB 7 = biotin
        Funky= VB 9 = folate
        Colbassa= VB 12 = cobalamin
        
        Vitamin B7 = *Biotin
        
        "Biotin" --> "Buy" some glucose
        --> biotin is needed for gluconeogenesis
        
        pyruvate ------ biotin + pyruvate carboxylase --> oxaloacetate
        
        Notes:
        
        pyruvate ------ biotin + pyruvate carboxylase --> oxaloacetate
        
        also other carboxylase enzymes
        
        Clinical Cases
        
        V B7 = biotin example
        
        4 more items...
        
        Clinical Case
        
        2 more items...
        
        Vitamin B12 = *cobalamin
        
        "cobalamin" --> "eleven"
        
        myelination of neurons
        
        DNA synthesis
        
        2 main reactions for VB12
        
        methylmalonyl CoA mutase in the branched chain MSUD
        --> causes buildup of mtheylmalonic acid which is toxic to myelin
        
        transfers the methyl group from DHF to methionine in the methionine folate paired reaction cycles
        
        Pernicious Anemia
        
        Notes:
        
        V B12 = cobalamin requires intrinsic factor from parietal cells of the stomach to bind to it to prevent B12 from being broken down
        
        V B12 and intrinsic factor complex then travels to the jejunum and illeum where it is absorbed
        
        Clinical Cases
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Notes:
        
        note that
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Vitamin B12 = *cobalamin
        
        "cobalamin" --> "eleven"
        
        myelination of neurons
        
        DNA synthesis
        
        Clinical presentation example:
        
        Notes:
        
        3 main neurological symptoms from demyelination from B12
        --> gait ataxia
        --> positive Babinski sign
        --> loss of vibration / propriception sensation
        
        not included in the Hx above is that V. B9 / B12 deficiency can cause macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
        
        Vitamin B9 = *Folate
        
        "folate" --> "eight"
        
        *Methionine and Folate Cycle and VB 12 Cobalamin / VB 6
        
        note also VB6 for homocysteine --> Cysteine
        
        methionine cycle and DNA synthesis
        --> think of Peter Patrick turned HOBO
        --> "HOBOS in the CYSTERN DEN"
        --> "become METH HEADS eating COLBASSA"
        
        3 more items...
        
        Folate Deficiency
        -
        
        Notes:
        
        2 problems with VB 12 cobalamin deficiency
        
        DNA synthesis = THF and HOBOs CYSTERN
        
        Myelin Synthesis
        --> same enzymes as in PKU
        
        HOBOS in CYSTERN DENS are FOOLS turned METH heads by eating COLBASSA
        DNA sysnthesis from Methyl-folate and cobalamin
        
        HOBOS CYSTERN DEN = homocysteine for DNA synthesis
        
        FOOLS = methyl folate
        
        COLBASSA = THF and cobalamin
        
        METH = methione for DNA synthesis
        
        METH head local MPs SUCK --> they stay up after midnight = 12
        
        METHhead MPs SUCK= methyl malonyl --> succynil
        --> myelin and PKU
        
        --> for Myelin and PKU
        --> close at 12 midnight for METH mall addicts
        
        METH MALLS SUCCKS = methylmalonyl CoA --> succynil CoA
        
        MIDNIGHT 12 = cobalamin
        
        Folate Deficiency case
        
        Notes:
        
        note that
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Folate Deficiency case 2
        
        raised homocysteine levels from Vitamin B12 deficiency
        --> can cause MIs and thrombosis
        
        Notes:
        
        note that
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Vitamin B1 = *Thymine
        
        Taylor's / Thy RIb
        
        Thymine = ""TCA ATP and Dehydrogenases
        
        2 main entrants to ATP Krebbs cycle
        --> Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
        --> Alpha ketoglutarate
        
        A = Alpha=keto glutarate
        
        T = transketolase to leave the HMP shunt
        
        P = pyruvate to enter Krebbs
        
        *Thiamine Deficiency
        
        COAT RACK
        
        Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome
        
        Beriberi Syndrome
        --> infantile vs adult beriberi
        --> dry vs wet (CVS) beriberi
        
        Thymine Beriberi case
        
        Clinical Case
        
        Notes:
        
        note that
        
        COAT RACK W-K Syndrome
        
        8Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome
        
        THIGH MAN is controlled from a TRANSKEY TRAIN by teh ONE and ONLY VIKING BEE 1
        
        THIGH MAN = transketolase
        
        THIGH MAN is fed lots of MAPLE SYROP from a TRANSKEY TRAIN GATORADE stop
        
        THIGH MAN = transketo glutarate
        
        the TRANSKETO TRAIN STOP GATORAIDE bottle is filled constant by the MAPLE SYRUP BRANCHED CHAIN AMIGO LEMON
        
        branched chain amig acids in MSUD
        
        the BRANCHED CHAIN AMIGO LEMON TREE is growing inside of a OVEN BAKING PIE DEHYDROGENATOR
        
        pyruvate dehrydrogenase
        
        ATP is severely affected with THIGH MAN deficiency and GLUCOSE can actually make it worse for AROBIC HEART and BRAIN girsl who LOVE THIGH MAN and train on the readmill to be just like him
        
        brain and heart affected first by THIGH MAN
        
        Vitamin B5 = *Pantothenic Acid
        -
      - *Vitamin C = Ascorbic Acid
        
        Scurvey = Vitamin C Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
        
        Clinical Signs of Scurvy
        
        petechiae
        --> from microvascular bleeding
        --> poor collagen to protect microvascular vessels
        
        gingivitis
  - - - Retinoic Acid = Vit A Toxicity
        
        RETin - A - noiCCK Acid
        
        VIKING APPLE SOLDIER GOES ROGUE and out of CONTROL with TOO many APPLES and he HIJACKS a cart full of APPLES
        
        a bunch of the travellors on the VIKING APPLE CART are scared to death by the VIKING
        
        one loses her eyesight
        
        one loses his hair and replaces it with some GREEN ALOE
        --> alopecia
        
        one loses his SKIN and it dries up so he puts on a GREEN SKIN SUIT
        --> DRY SKIN
        
        the VIKING APPLE CART is being pulled by the king ARTHUR with ALGAE oozing onto him and is heading right towards a TERATOGENIC TARANTULA behind a CLEFT PALATE PLATE and being ridden by a HEART CONDITION
        
        arthralgia
        
        VIKING QUEENS APPLE kingdom with her 2 ADVISORS = the wise RED TIN OWL and the wise old bline PIG PIGMENT
        
        retinol
        
        pigments in eyes for colour vision
        
        the APPLE of VIKING APPLE QUEENS EYE is the EPITHELIAL CELL warrior
        VIKING QUEEN APPLE has her advisor PIGMENT PIG KNIGHT the EPITHELIAL warrior and he is now SIR EPITHELIAL DIFFERRENTIATOR
        
        VIKING QUEEN APPLE is in charge of differentiating epithelial cells
        
        VIKING QUEEN APPLE had EPITHELIAL DIFFERENTIING KNIGHT knighted because of all the ANTI VIKING APPLE villians
        
        NIGHT GOWN BLIND GUY
        --> lose your night vision first
        
        DRY SKIN SUIT MAN
        
        he puts MEASLES on a LEASH
- - - - POA = pantothenic acid
        (bot that important)
    - - Vit B12 = cobalamin
        
        note VB 12 is need for last step of PKU bringing BRAAs to the succynyl COA of TCA
        
        VB12 needed for myelin synthesis
        
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