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World War 1 (Battles (Battle of Somme Jul 1, 1916 – Nov 18, 1916 (1,219…
World War 1
Battles
First Battle of the Marnes Sep 6, 1914 – Sep 10, 1914 (483,000 casualties)
offensive during World War I by the French army and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) against the advancing Germans who had invaded Belgium and northeastern France and were within 30 miles (48 km) of Paris.
Battle of Gallipoli Apr 9, 1917 – May 16, 1917 (473,000 casualties)
British and French troops invaded the Gallipoli peninsula , but ultimately los to the Ottoman Empire
Battle of Arras Apr 9, 1917 – May 16, 1917 (278,000
casualties)
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Battle of Tannenberg Aug 26, 1914 – Aug 30, 1914
(182,000 total casualties)
between Russia and Germany . resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army and the suicide of its commanding general.
Serbian Campaign August 1914 – November 3, 1918 (633,500+ casualties)
the Austria-Hungary invasion of Serbia which is considered a main factor in the outbreak of World War I.
Battle of passchendaele Jul 31, 1917 – Nov 10, 1917 (848,614 casualties)
The battle took place on the Ypres salient on the Western Front, in Belgium, where German and Allied armies had been deadlocked for three years.
Battle of Verdun Feb 21, 1916 – Dec 18, 1916 (976,000 casualties)
Verdun is a small city in northeast France, on the banks of the Meuse River. The Battle of Verdun took place in 1916 and was the longest single battle of World War One.
Battle of Somme Jul 1, 1916 – Nov 18, 1916 (1,219,201 casualties)
For five months the British and French armies fought the Germans in a brutal battle of attrition on a 15-mile front.
The aims of the battle were to relieve the French Army fighting at Verdun and to weaken the German Army.
Hundred days Offensive Aug 8, 1918 – Nov 11, 1918 (1,855,369 casualties)
The final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front
Spring Offensive Mar 21, 1918 – Jul 18, 1918 (1,539,715 casualties)
A series of German attacks along the Western Front during the First World War, beginning on 21 March 1918, which marked the deepest advances by either side since 1914.
People
Winston Churchill : Advocated that the United Kingdom adopt a strong stance against German aggression,
King Albert I of Belgium : Refused Germany’s request for its Army to cross Belgian territory during the invasion of France.
Tsar Nicholas II : Russian Emperor who adopted a cautionary approach so as to avoid war with the Triple Alliance
Franz Joseph I : Austro-Hungarian Emperor, Authorized military action against Serbia.
ArchDuke Franz Ferdinand : Austro-Hungarian Heir to the throne , assassinated by Princip a slav terrorist
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New Technology
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Machine Guns
Hiram Maxim’s 1884 design had a sustained fire of 450–600 rounds per minute, allowing defenders to cut down attacking waves of enemy troops
Flamethrowers
first recorded use of hand-held flamethrowers in combat was on February 26, 1915, when the Germans deployed the weapon at Malancourt, near Verdun
Tanks carried on a man’s back used nitrogen pressure to spray fuel oil, which was ignited as it left the muzzle of a small, hand-directed pipe
Germany initiated over 4,000 flamethrower attacks, Britain and FRance both used flamethrower but not to an extreme level
Mortars
The British introduced the Stokes mortar design in 1915, which had no moving parts and could fire up to 22 three-inch shells per minute, with a range of 1,200 yards
. The Germans developed a mortar (“mine thrower”) that had a 10-inch barrel and fired shells loaded with metal balls.
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Effects
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Social
Huge male pop. decrease, women enter workforce
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7 million + deaths, 20 million + wounded
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Alliances
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire
Allied forces
Great Britain, The United States, China, and the Soviet Union.