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Tissues and the primary growth of stems (External Organization of Stems…
Tissues and the primary growth of stems
Herbs wooded plants
3 classes of plant cells
Plants and People
Basic types of cells and tissues
Sclerenchyma
Primary walls plus walls. Dead at maturity. Provide elastic support and some (tracheary element) are involved in water transport.
Tracheary (Conducting)
Shapes long narrow
Ends points
Secondary walls
Reticulate
Scalariform
Helical
Annular
Circular Border pits
PIT/PIT and pair
Vessel elements
short wide ends usually flat
Collenchyma
Unevenly thickened primary walls. typically alive at maturity. provide plastic.
Parenchyma
Thin primary walls. typically alive at maturity. Many functions
External Organization of stems
Internal Organization of stems
Arranging of primary tissues
Epidermis
Cortex
Vascular
Tissues
Xylem
Phloem
text
Vascular
Bundles
Sieve cells
Companion Cells
Sieve tube members
Epidermis
Outer Tangential walls are encrusted with Cutin
Guard Cells
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Stomatal pore
Stoma
Trichomes (Hairs)
Cortex = Interior of epidermis
Vascular tissues
Xylem moves water and minerals
Conducting cells
Tracheary element
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Vessel Elements
phloem moves sugars and minerals
Stem Growth and differentiation
Apical meristems
Subapical Meristem
Xylem
Protoxylem
First to appear
Metaxylem
Longer time to for growth
Metapholem Cells closest Metaxylem
Exterior cells mature as protophloem
Primary Plant body
from shoot and root meristems
composed of primary tissues
Constitutes the herbaceous parts of plant
an herb consist only of a primary plant body
Secondary Plant body
Composed of secondary tissues
The woody, bark covered parts of a parts of a plants
a woody plant has primary tissues woody parts arrive later
External Organization of Stems
Bud scales
Nodes
Phyllotaxy
Alternate
Opposite
two leaves per node
Decussate
leaves in 4 rows
Whorled
3 or more leaves per node
Distichous
leaves located in two rows only
axillary bud
leaf axil
Terminal buds
Flower plant shoot
Stolons (runners)
Bulbs
Rhizomes
Corms
Tubers
Trunk
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Abundant light= one trunk not so advantgeous
Heavy shade= many axillary buds permanently dormant
Simple plants
Hornworts
small sheet of Parenchyma cells
liverworts
Grows in streams 1mm thick
Mosses
walls made of stereides fibers
