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Methods in context (Education the research context: (Researching pupils:…
Methods in context
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Experiments:
The hawthorne effect has to be taken into account when overt experiments are in place as people are very likely to change how they act.
Free will: Interpretivists argue that people are different to anything else due to our free will meaning that all outcomes could be different and so can never truly be representative.
Field experiments: These have two features: the first is that it takes place in the samples natural surroundings and secondly they are normally unaware that it occurs ruling out the factor of the hawthorne effect.
The comparative method is a thought experiment where sociologists imagine it taking place - very similar to a hypothesis.
Secondary sources:
Official statistics: This is data collected by the government or police for example and is then published.
There are two types hard and soft: hard statistics cannot be changed for example death rates whereas soft statistics can be changed for example poverty rate.
Advantages: Practical (easy to get a hold of), Reliability (hard statistics), Validity (Hard statistics), Representative (depends on sample).
Disadvantages: Reliability (soft statistics), Validity (soft statistics) Representative (depends on sample).
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Participant observation:
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Covert
'Going native': The fear that people forget their a part of a study and become a part of what they are studying.
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Questionnaires:
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Disadvantages
Validity: People are unlikely to tell the truth due to a lack of trust there is no rapport with a questionnaire.
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Types
Open: Results in qualitative data meaning people can write as much or as little as they want in there response.
Closed: Results in quantitative data where people can only give certain answers because it is normally multiple choice.
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