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Indirect Communication (Publish/Subscribe (Diagram 24) (Kafka (Used for…

- - - - FIFO: preserve order from the sender's perspective
      - Causal: a message that happens before another message will be preserved in that order in the delivery at all processes (need coordination in middleware; timestamps!)
      - Total: if a message is delivered before another message at one process then this is preserved at all processes
    - - Group members leave and join
      - Failed members
      - Notifying members of group membership changes (how do you change the keys?)
      - Changes to the group address
- - - - Heterogeneity: allows objects that were not designed to interoperate to communicate due to loosely coupled nature
      - Asynchronous: communication is asynchronous and event driven
  - - - Log aggegation
      - Real-time event processing
      - Monitoring
      - Queing
    - - Scale from ground-up
      - Persistence to disk -> reliable
      - High throughput
      - Multi-subscription
    - - Topic has partitions which are distributed to brokers
      - Partitions have a log on the disk: message persisted in log; message addressed by offset
      - Consumers can go to the head of the log to get events that were sent when they weren't there previously
    - - Brokers within a data center (enterprise system, not over the internet) --> network partitioning is rate
      - Strong consistency: replicas of each partition byte-wise is identical; spread evenly among brokers
      - Highly available