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Growth and Division of the Cell (Cell Division The-different-steps-of…
Growth and Division of the Cell
Cell Division
Not dividing- Interphase
proteins are made
organelles are made
cell grows
DNA replication
Cell divides
Mitosis
Prophase
Asters formed in animal cells
centrioles move away from each other
kinetochores attach to kinetochores fibers
Chromatin becomes coiled into chromosomes
Metaphase
Spindle fibers fully develop
Anaphase
Chromatids seperate and move towards cell ends
centromeres move apart
Telophase
Meiosis
Location in flowering plants
Anther of the stamen- haploid male spores
Ovule of ovary- haploid female spores
Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis
Not identical daughter cells
diploid organisms only
2n
Meiosis
Identical daughter cells
Both diploid and haploid organisms
n+ 2 x n
Function/ Role
Mitosis
Cell replacement
Gamete formation in flowering plants
Asexual reproduction
Meiosis
Gamete variation
Sexual reproduction
Gamete formation in animals e.g. egg and sperm
Spore formation: e.g. flowering plants🌼
Chromosomes
Haploid (n): one set of chromosome in nuclei
Diploid (n): two sets of chromosomes are present in nuclei
Interphase
Stages of Interphase
GAP 1:
Synthesis
GAP 2:
Nucleus
Chromosomes are duplicated,but in the form of chromatin
Bounded by a nuclear envelope
occurs first in cell division
Cytokinesis
Starts before end of Mitosis
The division of the cells cytoplasm
Ends after Mitosis ends
Plant growth
cells may double in size before mitosis
Growth can be by increasing cell numbers and/or by increasing cell size - body complexity is another dimension of plant growth
Mitosis only refers to nuclear division and must be coordinated with a preceded binary fission of chloroplasts and mitochondria (the endosymbionts) to ensure that all progeny cell have complete cell components.
Plant genomes are distributed over several linear DNA molecules, are associated with histone proteins, and these must be replicated and moved in a coordinated way to avoid cells with incomplete genomes.
There several styles of cytokineses among green algae, but the rest of the plants use a phragmoplast.
2n- 2 x 2n
Cell increases in size
DNA is synthesized
Cell synthesizes proteins and continues to grow in size
occurs after Interphase
