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Cell Structure (Plant Cells (Nucleus (Nucleoplasm (DNA, Enzymes, Histone…

- - - - Nuclear pores
    - - DNA
      - Enzymes
      - Histone proteins
      - Several types of RNA
      - Water
    - - Ribosomes are synthesized
  - - - Tonoplast
  - - - cristae
        
        folded tubes
    - - Outer mitochondrial membrane
        
        gives shape and rigidity
      - Inner mitochondrial membrane
        
        forms cristae
- - - - Molecule by molecule
        
        Vesicles
        
        Fuses with growing membrane
    - - Transport of material
        
        Vesicle Lumen
        
        Exocytosis
        
        Excrete almost anything
        
        Polysaccharides
        
        Proteins
        
        Debris
        
        Wastes
        
        Nectar secreted from glands
        
        Volume inside vesicle
    - - Forms in outer membrane
        
        Pinches shut
        
        Forms new vesicle
        
        Contains extracellular material
      - Common in algae
    - - Selectively permeable membranes
        
        Certain substances cross easily
        
        Hydrophobic substances
      - Movement of charged substances
        
        large intrinsic proteins #
        
        facilitated diffusion
        
        Molecular pumps
        
        Active transport
    - - Formation of many compartments
        
        Specialized for a specific process
  - - - Monolayer
        
        Hydrophobic ends
        
        Forming hydrogen bonds
        
        Hydrophobic fatty acids
        
        Project out of water
      - Bilayer
        
        Proteins even partially immeresed
        
        Intrinsic Proteins #
        
        diffuse laterally
        
        membrane's fluid nature
      - Extrinsic proteins
        
        Outside membrane
        
        Forms Domains
    - - Fluid Mosaic Membrane
    - - Less than 8 percent
      - Occur as short-chain oligosaccharides
        
        4 to 15 sugar residues
        
        Bound to certain intrinsic proteins
        
        Glycoproteins #
- - - - More complex than prokayotes
        
        True membrane-bounded nucleus
        
        More organelles
  - - - Bacteria and Cyanobacteria
    - - Archaeans
- - - - Specialized ER passes
      - Cytoplasmic channels
        
        One interconnected mass
        
        Symplast
      - 40 nm diameter
      - Singly or Clusters
        
        Clusters of 10-20 or more
        
        2 primary walls
        
        Primary pit field
        
        Transport in tissues
        
        Keep protoplast separate
        
        Form Intercellular Spaces
        
        Apoplast` #
        
        Apoplast and Symplast makes plant