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Social Thinking (Attribution : What reason we give to our and other…

- - - - When gving cause of someone's behavior , we overestimate role of personal factors and underestimate role of situation.
        
        Consistency high, distinctiveness and consensus low
        
        Personal attributions
        
        Consistency,distinctiveness and consensus high
        
        Situational attributions
  - - - In Western countries where people follow individualism give cause of someone's behavior to personal characteristics.In Asian countries people give cause of someone's behavior to situational factors.(Kitayama et al.,2009;Riemer et al.,2014)
    - - When we see ourselves as observer's viewpoint , then we give the cause of our behavior to personal factors (Lassiter & Irvine,1986;.
    - - We give cause of our good behavior to personal characteristics.(Malle,2006;Malle et al.,2007).
- - - - Primacy effect
        
        People attach more importance to the initial information that we learn about a person.
      - Recency effect
- - - - Expectations for a person in a social situation about how they should act
        
        In Philip Zimbardo's prison experiment(1972), people started behaving according to the situation(roles)
        
        For example, role of college student is: Scholar, friend, independent-adult,professional.
    - - We remove the discomfort(dissonance) when our attitudes and actions don't match by changing our attitude
        
        When someone likes smoking, and they read the message on the back "smoking is injurious to health", it will create dissonance and they will quit smoking.
    - - Tendency of people who have agreed to a small request will agree to a larger one later
        
        Chinese captors changed the belief of U.S. prisoners about communism. To make people agree to something big, start small and build(Cialdini,1993)
  - - - People make decisions on the basis of incidental or attention getting cues
    - - when interested people focus on a argument and respond with favorable thoughts.
    - - When situational factors that prove my atttitude wrong is weak
      - When we know about our attitude
      - General behavior predict general behavior and specific attitude predict specific behavior
      - It is easily recalled
        
        White college tanners stopped tanning when told it causes skin cancer(McClendon & PrenticeDunn,2001)