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IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) (Learning Disabilities …

- - - - Big Mack
      - Talk Pad
      - Voice in the Box
      - Cheap Talk 4
      - Step-by-step communicator
- - - - Articulation disorders are errors in the production of speech sounds that may be related to anatomical or physiological limitations in the skeletal, muscular, or neuromuscular supply
        
        Distortions: (shlip for sip)
        
        Fluency disorders are difficulties with the rhythm and timing of speech
        
        Stuttering:especially at the beginning of words, prolongations, hesitations, interjections, and complete verbal blocks
        
        Cluttering: excessively fast and jerky speech
        
        Voice disorders are problems with the quality or use of one's voice resulting from disorders in the larynx.
        
        Language Impairments
        
        Five areas of language impairments: phonological disorders, morphological disorders, semantic disorders, syntactical deficits, and pragmatic difficulties.
        
        Phonological disorders are defined as the abnormal organization of the phonological system, or a significant deficit in speech production or perception. A child with a phonological disorder may be described as hard to understand or as not saying the sounds correctly..
        
        Morphological disorders are defined as difficulties with morphological inflections
        
        Semantic disorders are characterized by poor vocabulary development, inappropriate use of word meanings, and/or inability to comprehend word meanings.
        
        Syntactic deficits are characterized by difficulty in acquiring language tools.
        
        Pragmatic difficulties are characterized as problems in understanding and using language in different social contexts.
        
        Impact on Learning
        
        Speech and language disorders are problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor function. Delays and disorders may range from so subtle that they have little or no impact on daily living and socialization to the inability to produce speech or to understand and use language.
        
        Teaching Strategies
        
        As with all students who receive special education services, collaboration of a multi-disciplinary team is necessary.
        
        Speech-language pathologists provide a variety of professional services aimed at helping people develop effective communication skills
        
        Helping children with articulation disorders to learn proper production of speech sounds
        
        Helping children who stutter to speak more fluently
        
        Assisting children with voice disorders to improve their voice quality
        
        Helping individuals with aphasia to relearn speech and language skills
        
        Assisting individuals who have difficulty swallowing as a result of illness, surgery, stroke, or injury
        
        Evaluating, selecting, and developing augmentative and alternative communication systems
        
        Enhancing communication effectiveness
- - - - Decoding is the ability to match letters to sounds and then use that skill to read words accurately and fluently.
      - A key sign of dyslexia in kids is trouble decoding words
      - The causes of dyslexia vary with the type. In primary dyslexia, much research focuses on the hereditary factors.
        
        There are many factors the psychologist or other health professional reviews to diagnose the disability. The testing determines the child's functional reading level and compares it to reading potential, which is evaluated by an intelligence test.
        
        Dyslexia is not a decease and it can not be cured
        
        some conditions that often co-occur with or may be mistaken for dyslexia:
        
        Dysgraphia can affect a child’s ability to spell.
        
        Visual processing issues make it hard to process what the eyes see.
        
        Dyscalculia makes it hard to do math.
        
        Slow processing speed can impact reading, as well as many other areas of learning.
        
        There are many professionals who can help a child with dyslexia—both in and out of school. They focus on different things: instruction, intervention, school supports and services, counseling, and diagnosis. There are no medications or medical treatments for dyslexia.
        
        References
        https://u.org/1E6P3lV https://bit.ly/2XhKNB6 https://bit.ly/2JJZH84
        https://bit.ly/2Fieeqd
      - Kids with dyslexia have trouble reading accurately and fluently.
- - - - Moderate Hearing Loss
      - Severe Hearing Loss
      - Mild Hearing Loss
      - Profound Hearing Loss
      - Deafness
      - References https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK390300/ https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/types.html
- - - - speech therapy
      - occupational therapy
      - physical therapy
      - family counseling
      - special assistive devices
      - nutrition
      - educational rehabilitation
    - - Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)
      - Visual support
      - Computer based instruction
      - Video based instruction
      - Behavioural Interventions
        
        Applied Behaviour Analysis
        
        Environmental arrangement
        
        Time delay
        
        Integrated group play
- - - - Assistive Accommodations
        
        Speech recognition software
        
        Screen reading software
        
        Assistive technology for communication communicate
        
        Academic software packages for students with disabilities
        
        Therapist for Psycho-social well being
- - - - provide consistency with classroom rules and consequences
      - utilize a behavior rubric to encourage appropriate behavior
      - prepare the child in advance for changes in routine (i.e. an assembly, a field trip)
      - provide individual or group counseling sessions
      - utilize peer modeling/role playing
      - provide positive reinforcement (i.e. verbal, stickers, chart)
    - - provide a peer mentor--an older student who can read with the child
      - simplify information on worksheets
      - place the child near the front of the class to help him stay focused
      - provide hands on activities
      - repeat directions
      - utilize a picture cue card on the child's desk showing his schedule
    - - determine the need for Occupational Therapy (OT), Physical Therapy (PT), Adaptive Physical Education (APE)
      - determine the need for speech services.
      - demonstrate expected outcomes
      - revise lesson plans to include several opportunities to demonstrate the expected outcome
      - determine the need for vision therapy
- - - - Alternative keyboards
      - Audio books and publications
      - Abbreviation expanders
      - Graphic organizers and outlining
      - Optical character recognition
      - Speech-recognition programs
    - - Down syndrome
      - Developmental delay
      - Fragile X syndrome
      - Prader Willi Syndrome
      - Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder