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West African Musics (Seckou Keita (in one of his kora playings, he begins…

- - - - this ultimately opened the door for him to pursue his musical passions toward the career path of a jeli while bringing relatively little disgrace to the Keita side of his family
- - - - textures featuring multiple layers of instruments/voices, common in sub-Saharan Africa
    - - layering of multiple, recurring patterns (ostinatos) one on top of another
    - - Sub-Saharan African musics frequently conversational in character whether literally, figuratively, or metaphorically
    - - incorporation of improvisation is usually expected even in set compositions that have been passed down for generations
    - - rather than aiming for a "pure" tone, African singers and instrumentalists may manipulate their voices and instruments to produce "buzzing" timbres and other timbral effects
    - - integral to musical aesthetics and styles on multiple levels
- - - - Spike harp chordophones are unique to West Africa
  - - - traditional Mande culture and music, including the art of the kora, are preserved and continue to develop both within Mali itself and and throughout the former realm of the Mali empire
  - - - men both sing and play instruments, women normally specialize in singing only
      - another instrument (besides the kora) that is a principal jelilu instrument is the bala
        
        it is a xylophone constructed of between 17 and 21 hard wooden slats of different lengths suspended over a wooden frame in ascending pitch order
      - another instrument is the koni
        
        it is a plucked chordophone akin to the banjo
        
        it is held horizontally across the players lap and is played like a guitar (sort of)
- - - - drum speech can be used because the language in which the proverb is composed is a tonal language
      - the meaning of a word in a tonal language is determined not just by the actual sound of it syllables, but by the specific patterns of pitch, rhythm, and timbral inflection which it is articulated
    - - an Akan drum that is capable of speaking for itself