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CLONING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANTS (NATURAL CLONING (Taking cuttings of…
CLONING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
IN PLANTS
NATURAL CLONING
Occurs in many species of flowing plants
A structure that
develops
into a f
ully differentiated
new plant
which is genetically identical
New plant may be propogated from the :
Stem
Leaf
bud
Root
Using Natural Clones
can produce new plants by:
splitting up the bulbs
removing young plants from runners
cutting up rhizomes
all
increase plant numbers cheaply
they will also have the
same genetic
characteristics
as their
parents
Taking cuttings of plants
short sections of stem are cut
placed in a rooting hormone- to help incorage growth of new roots
Advantages
much faster tha using seeds
generates a quality plant
As taking a cutting from a good stock means that the offspring will be genetically identical
Disadvantage
Their is a lack of genetic veriation
More susceptible at being wiped out by a disies
MICROPROPAGATION USING TISSUE CULTURE
The process of making large number of genetically identical offspring
from a single parent plant
Used when the plants do not:
been genetically modified or selectively bred
very rare
required to be pathogen free
do not respond well to natural cloning
Do not readily produce seeds
Advantages and Disadvantages of Micropropagation
Advantages
culturing meristem tissue produces
disease free plants
provides a
reliable
way of increasing numbers of
rare plants
Allows for the
rapid
production of large numbers of plants
produces
viable numbers
of plants after
genetic modifications
provides a large number of seedless crops
e.g. seedless grapes
Disadvantages
Exspensive process requires skilled workers
during the process they are vulnerable to moulds and other diseases
Produces a Monoculture
Genetically identical so they are all
sceptible
to the
same diseases
or change in
growing conditions
If the original material is infected all the clones will also be infected
that will yield good crops