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NECK & SHOULDER & UPPER LIMB NEUROMUSCULOSKELETAL & SYSTEMS…
NECK & SHOULDER & UPPER LIMB NEUROMUSCULOSKELETAL & SYSTEMS AETIOLOGY
Vertebral Bodies
Fractures, Dislocations, Spondylotic Myelopathy, Tumour (primary, mets), Osteomyelitis
Facet Joints
Capsule sprain, Spondylosis
Discs
Herniation
Foramen
Encroachment
Muscles
Strain, Sprain, Spasm, Myositis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Fibromyalgia
Nervous Tissue
Herpes Zoster
Spinal Cord
Tumour, Abscess
Lymphadenopathy
Thyroid & Laryngeal
Infections
Tonsilitis, Quinsy (throat), Osophagitis, Ludwig Angina (under mouth, bacterial), Rero-pharngeal Abscess
Salivary Gland
Skin Lesions
Cardiovascular
Ischaemic heart, carotid artery
Meningeal
Meningitis, Sub-arachnoid Haemorrhage, Tumours
Respiratory
Pancost tumour, Pneumothorax, Tracheal / Bronchial Irritation
Others
Mediastinal Tumours, Cushing's Syndrome
Referral to Shoulders
Neck
mm, Cervical Radiculopathy
Chest Wall Structures
invasive breast cancer
cause pec major spasm & painful shoulder movements
Viscera
Heart
anterior, superior shoulder, neck,
L
more than R
Liver
anterior, superior, lateral shoulder,
R
HS
Gall Bladder
R
shoulder, scapula, periscapular
Diaphragm
C4/5 dermatome bilaterally, ruptured ulcer, ectopic pregnancy
Lungs
tumour in apex of lung
Pancreas
L
shoulder
Kidney
Shoulders
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Brachial Neuritis, Fibromyalgia
Psychogenic, Skin
Local Shoulder Pathologies
Osseous, Soft Tissue (injury), Arthritides, Connective Tissue, Fibrositic, Myopathies, Muscular Dystrophies, Overuse, Idiopathic, Re-establish movement after prolonged immobilisation
Vascular
Raynaud's phenomenon, Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture, Frost bite