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HORMONE 2 (Mineral nutrition (mineral absorption (mycorrhizal association,…

- - - - 17 elements
        
        macro (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg)
        
        micro (Cl, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo)
        
        major (C,O2, H, N, P, S)
  - - - potassium (K)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (potassium sulphate)
      - sulphur (S)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (sulphate)
      - phosphorus (P)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (dihydrogen phosphate)
      - calcium (Ca)
        
        source (anorthite)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
      - nitrogen (N)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (nitrate anions)
      - magnesium (Mg)
        
        source (magnesite)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
    - - manganese (Mn)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (bivalent)
      - boron (B)
        
        source (boric acid)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
      - copper (Cu)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (chalcopyrite)
      - zinc (Zn)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (zn2+)
      - ferum (Fe)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (acidic soil)
      - chlorine (Cl)
        
        source (chloride anion)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
      - molybdenum (Mo)
        
        physiological functions
        
        deficiency symptoms
        
        source (molybdate)
      - nickel
        
        physiological functions
        
        source (Ni2+)
  - - - forms available to life
      - reservoirs
      - biological importance
      - weathering rocks
    - - forms available to life
      - reservoirs
      - biological importance
      - essential processes in N2 cycle
        
        nitrification
        
        denitrification
        
        ammonification
        
        nitrogen fixing
        
        asymbiotic
        
        symbiotic
      - nitrate assimilation in root
      - assimilation ammonia
        
        glutamate synthase cycle
        
        glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)
  - - - nutrients move from fungi to root zone
        
        ectomycorrhizal
        
        endomycorrhizal
- - - - gibberellins
        
        site synthesis
        
        chemistry
        
        MVA pathway in cytoplaswm
        
        MVA pathway in chloroplast
        
        distribution
        
        biosynthesis
        
        Geranyl geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP)
        
        formation of kaurene
        
        formation gibberellin aldehyde
        
        formation all other gibberellins aldehyde
        
        growth retardants
        
        physiological effects gibberellins
        
        germination of seeds
        
        breaking dormancy buds
        
        genetic dwarfism
        
        induction of flowering
        
        shoot elongation (bolting)
        
        parthenocarpy
        
        sex expression
        
        prevention of senescence
        
        commercial applications
      - cytokinins
        
        metabolism
        
        physiological roles
        
        promotion of pigments
        
        promotion chloroplast development
        
        expansion of cotyledons & leaves
        
        morphogenensis
        
        cell elongation
        
        counteraction apical dominance
        
        delay senescence
        
        cell division
        
        breaking dormancy seeds
        
        tuber formation
        
        mode of action
        
        increased nucleic acid & protein synthesis
        
        involvement receptor protein & second messenger
        
        distribution
        
        types
        
        synthetic
        
        natural
      - auxin (IAA)
        
        site synthesis auxins
        
        biosynthesis auxins
        
        matabolism auxin
        
        enzyme oxidation
        
        binding with other molecules
        
        photo-oxidation
        
        mode auxin action
        
        cell elongation mechanisms
        
        loosening cell wall
        
        maintenance secondary structure cell wall
        
        slow/ fast response
        
        physiological effects auxin
        
        dormancy
        
        apical dominance
        
        cell division
        
        adventitious root formation
        
        cell elongation
        
        parthenocarpy
        
        control of premature fruit drop & delay leaf abscission
        
        growth movement
        
        initiation of flowering
        
        eradication of weeds
        
        great weapon of biological war
        
        sex expression
        
        prevention of lodging
        
        shortening of internodes
        
        distribution auxin in plants
        
        types
        
        natural
        
        chemistry
      - abscisic acid (ABA)
        
        biosynthesis
        
        isoprenoid pathways
        
        oxidation carotenoids
        
        mechanism action
        
        gene expression theory
        
        secondary messenger involvement theory
        
        membrane permeability theory
        
        structure
        
        physiological roles
        
        senescence & abscission
        
        stomatal closing
        
        dormancy
        
        other roles
        
        inhibition seed germination, seedling growth & bud growth
        
        distribution
      - ethylene
        
        biosynthesis
        
        ethylene enhances
        
        auxin-induced ethylene production
        
        cytokinins promote ethylene biosynthesis in some tissues
        
        mode of action
        
        membrane permeability theory
        
        molecular level action ethylene theory (fruit ripening)
        
        ethyline inhibitors
        
        action
        
        synthesis
        
        (AVG)
        
        (AOA)
        
        distribution
        
        physiological roles
        
        formation & growth roots
        
        shoot growth
        
        germination & sprouting
        
        apical dominance
        
        epinasty
        
        flowering
        
        sex expression
        
        fruit ripening
        
        abscission
    - - jasmonic acid
      - systemin
      - salicylic acid
      - polyamines
      - brassinosteroids