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Personality ((Cognitive behavoiural therapies and mindfulness (CBT takes a…

- - - - Second Child
        
        Feels the need to catch up to older sibling. Often dream of running to catch things. Have a tendency to competitive and ambitious, may surpass older siblings in achievement and motivation. Not as concerned with power
      - Last born
        
        More sociable and dependent. However may strive for excellence superiority in an effort to surpass older siblings. may be seen as spoiled, papmered and helpless.
      - Ony children
        
        Tend to be more like older children, enjoy being the center of attention. Because they spend more time with adults, they tend to mature sooner and adopt adult like behaviours earlier in life. May also be papmered which is a curse
      - Middle child
        
        Show a combination of the characteristics of oldest and youngest children. If space far apart, they are more like only children
      - Oldest child
        
        More intelligent, Achievement orientated, Conforming & Affiliative. Strive to regain glory taken by younger siblings, as such, are concerned with power. May express this desire through the need to lead or protect others. Often dream of falling (dethronment)
  - - - Human behaviour has purpose, the goals that a person persues is known as finalism
    - - Fiction is to invent. Fiction are a persons interpretation of events. We are unable to have a complete understanding as reality as it is, therefore we construct our own reality This is fictional finalism. Furthermore, we are unable to know if our goals will come to be achieved, this is fictional finalism.
  - - - Frued & Jung focused their theories on the Intrapsychic aspects of people. Focus here is on sexual and biological drives
    - - Adler, stack and sullivan focused their theories on Interpsychic. Focus here is on social and cultural relationships
- - - - Birth to age 1 - Infants excplore new objects with mouth. Infants derive pleasure and learn through the mouth.
    - - Age 2 - Infants learning to gain control over bowels. Frustraion or relief can come through learning to regulate bodily impulses.
    - - Puberty onwards - Genital organs mature, sexual and aggresive desires develop. Seek out member of the opposite sex. People seek to satisfy sexual drives through gentailia and reproduction.
    - - Age 3 - 6 - Children derive pleasure and experience conflicting feelings through genital play. Learning to distinguish between sexes. Develop curiosity about sex and birth, attempting to understand the process through fantasies.
        
        Opedius complex - young boys wish to poses their mother
        
        Castration anxiety - Boys percieves father compettion for mothers love, Dissonance occurs and child fears phsyical retaliation from father.
        
        Electra complex - Girls abandon mother and attempt to poses father. Devlop penis envy
        
        Penis envy - A sense of inferiority. Girls feel frustration towards the mother for castration. Re-identify with mother after feelings of dispair
    - - Age 7 - Puberty - Physical forces devop to inhibit sexual drive and redirect energy to socially acceptable activities such as sport, intellectual interests and peer relations. Not really considered a genuine psychosexual stage
- - - - Land that is not always covered by the sea and can be reclaimed. Here resides perceptions, thoughts, feelings and memories that have been put aside. Also includes repressed memories. Experiences in the unconciuos are grouped into to clusters known as complex's. A complex is an organised group of thought's feelings and memories about a particular concept. A complex has constellating power, which means it can draw new ideas into itself and interpret them. A complex may be organised around a person or object, such as mothering.
    - - The collective unconcious is shared, transpersonal, consisting of the many personalities we all have in common with each other. All humans have certain things in common, we live in groups and develop some form of family life or society in which roles are assigned to various members. These roles may vary across societys, however they exist in all human groups. All people share certain emotions such as anger, grief, happiness and love.
- - - - Offers escape through the elimination of others or the outside world. Destruction is the last and most desperate attempt to save ones self from being crushed by the world. Destruction is often rationalised or masked as love, duty, conscience or patriotism
    - - People cease to be themselves and adopt the type of personality proffere by the culture in which they live. Individuals are like chameleons and may no longer feel alone but lose themselves (loss of the self)
    - - Escape freedom through submitting to a new form of domination. Individuals may permit other to dominate them or may seek to dominate and control others. A common belief is that ones life is determined by forces outside a persons control and the only way to be happy is to submit to those forces
- - - - May believed Myths give meaning to our lives and help us make sense of the world. In the absecnce of myths, we see the rise anxiety, deppressions, cults, substance abuse.
- - - - Real self
        
        Represents what we are and the things that are true about us
      - Ideal self
        
        Represents what we think we should be. In healthy people, the real self and Ideal self coincide as a person takes a realistic assessment of their abilities and potentials.
    - - Instead of meeting genuie needs, neurotic individuals create false ones. A person may believe that an idealised self does not feel jelousy so they deny that part of themselves from real experiences.
- - - - Competence enatils the abilty to use ones intelligence and skill to complete tasks that are of value in ones society.
    - - Fidelity consists of the ability to sustain loyaltiesfreely pledged in spite of the inevitable contradictions of value systems.
    - - Purpose. A view of the future giving direction and focus to our mutual efforts. Purposefulness slowly enables one to develop a sense of reality that is defined by what is attainable.
    - - Young adults ready to transform love recieved as a child and begin caring for others.
    - - Will is a natural growth of autonomy. Will is an unbroken determination to exercise freedom of choice and self restraint.
    - - Adults need to be needed. Care is implies doing something for somebody.
    - - Hope represents a persistent conviction that our wishes can be satisfied in spite of dissapointment and failure.Hope is the basis of faith, reflected in mature commitments.
    - - Wisdom enables a person to bring life to an appropriate closure through reflection.
- - - - Developed to understand womens experience, now focusing on understanding all human experience
      - Connections
        
        Connections are the basic origin of growth. Humans seek connections, in order to connect well, people must be capable of empathy which is too understand and experience other people feelings and thoughts whilst being aware of your own. Empathy is central to connecting with others, it creates awareness and clarity about about the meaning of other peoples experiences.
      - Disconnections
        
        Discconnections derail us and create psychologial problems. Disconnections are felt when people are unable to engage in mutual empathetic and empowering relationships. Minor disconnections may lead to improved connections if they can be discussed safely, increasing awareness. Disconnected people risk becoming psychologically isolated.
      - Neurobiological research suggests that connections are important for brain development and that people are hard wired for connection.
    - - A process by which the mother-daughter relationship instills in the daughter maternal capacities and a desire to take on the role of mother in future relationships
- - - - Attentional processes
      - Retention processes
      - Motor production processes
      - Motivational process
    - - Extrinsic reinforcement
      - Intrinsic reinforcement
      - self reinforcement
      - vicarious reinforcement
    - - Attributes of the observer
      - Reward consequence associated with the behaviour
      - Characteristics of the model
    - - Angentic perspective
        
        see's people as agents or originators of their of experience. Causal influences go both ways and people are more than reactive organism,s shaped by their environment.
      - Human agency
        
        The ability to act and make things happen. People are producers and producst of thier environment
        
        intentionality
        
        act purposefully
        
        Forethought
        
        anticpate outcomes
        
        Self reactiveness
        
        allows to motivate and regulate actions
        
        Self reflectiveness
        
        ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviours & change as required.
- - - - Self esteem
      - Self-actualisation
    - - Physiological needs
      - belonging and love
      - Safety
- - - - Congruence
        
        When symbolised experiences reflect the actual experience of the organism we have congruence.
      - Incongruence
        
        Incongruence occurs when we deny experience as they dont fit with the ideal self construct, this may result in maladjustment
    - - effects of Denial & Distortion
      - Symbolised experience
        
        When we symbolise an experience by accepting it into our concious and organise it into a relationship with the self
      - denied or distorted experience
        
        Experiences that do not fit with the self concept are denied or distorted instead of being accepted into out concious.