Semester 2 Science
Term 1
What is gravitational potential energy?
What is an energy flow diagram?
What is Chemical potential energy?
Explain the term energy efficiency.
What is elastic potential energy?
Term 2: Rocks
2.4
Term 2: Rocks
2.3
2.6
2.2
2.7
2.1
2.8
How is conglomerate formed?
What is pumice used for?
What is the use of granite?
How is pumice created?
What are the properties that are used to identify rocks? (in exam)
Under what conditions would crystals grow?
What are minerals?
Explain the following
What is Mohs scale of hardness?
What is a mineral ore?
Give an example of an ore and what is obtained from it.
Why are used electronic components important in the process of recycling minerals?
Why do we need to recycle minerals?
What is an igneous rock?
What is magma?
What is lava?
What is an intrusive igneous rock? Give an example.
What is an extrusive igneous rock? Give an example.
2.5
What is a biological sedimentary rock?
What is a chemical sedimentary rock?
What is a stalagmite and stalactite?
Give an example of a metamorphic rocks.
What is foliation?
Explain how metamorphic rocks are formed.
What is weathering?
What is erosion?
What is onion-skin weathering?
What is physical weathering?
What is frost shattering?
What is chemical weathering?
What is biological weathering?
How can heat and pressure erode a rock?
How can dams and levees prevent erosion?
How can Groynes prevent beaches from being eroded?
Why is it important for concrete paths to have expansion joints in them to prevent erosion?
How can terraces be used on farm land to prevent erosion?
What is a sedimentary rock?
Is energy that is stored through stretching or squashing
Is energy that can be released when needed
Lifting an object up to a height and droping it
It is a diagram that shows the transferring of energy from one type to another.
Energy efficiency is the calculation of the percentage of useful energy transformed.
Crystals usually grow in more warmer conditions. They can grow in cooler conditions, but it will take a longer time for the water to evaporate and form a crystal.
A pumice rock is created when an igneous rock gets shot out from a volcano, having air bubbles on the surface of it, causing there to be holes in the rock once it cools down.
Pumice rocks can be used for making things such as concrete,
Efficiency = useful energy output ÷ energy input x 100
You can identify a rock by its: Grain size. Hardness. Usual color and density. Lustre, Straek and Cleavage
A mineral is a naturally occuring solid substance with a its own chemical composition, strcuture and properties
Granite can be used for things like building buildings, bridges, slabs, etc. It's like a building material.
Streak
Lustre
Hardness
Cleavage
Conglomerates are formed when individual stones are cemented together.
Is the shininess of the surface of the mineral
A mineral ore is a mineral with a large amount of useful metal in it.
Metallic: Looks like a coin
Brilliant: Very shiny like mirror
Pearly: A bit shiny like pearl
Dull: Not shiny, like Alesha
Earthy: Looks like dirt
With an iron ore, you can obtain iron from it.
Is the colour of the powdered or crushed mineral
Is how easily the mineral can be scratched
Is the tendancy of a mineral to break into a number of smooth planes
It is a scale that arranges all of the minerals according to their hardness
We recycle minerals because there is a limited amount of minerals in the world and we need to make sure we are using less of them as possible before we run out.
To help reduce the impact of mining on the ecosystem.
An Igneous rock is a rock that has formed from either lava or magma
Magma is the hot, molten rock from inside the Earth
Lava is the red-hot magma that is on the Earth's surface
It is a rock that was formed on the inside of the Earth. Granite
It is a rock that is formed on the surface of the Earth. Pumice
Sedimentary rocks are rocks that are formed when loose particles are pressed together by the weight of the overlying sediments
s a sedimentary rock that is made from dead plant material
Chemical sedimentary rocks form when water evaporates, leaving behind a solid substance
Staligmites and Stalictites are formed when limestone rocks are dissolved by acids in water. They are very fragile. Found in Limestone caves
Staligmites go up.
Stalictites go down
Slate, Marble and Gneiss are all examples of metamorphic rocks
Foliation is the process that occurs when a rock is subjected to uneven pressure causing it to bend
Metamorphic rocks are formed when other types of rock are changed by incredible heat and pressure inside the earth
It is the breaking down of rocks and minerals through the movement of water and animals, and the extremes of temperature
It is the movement of the sediments to another area.
It is when the surface of a rock peels off due to weathering
Weathering occurs when a physical force is applied to a rock
It is when trees grow into a rock and then over time the rock will crack
It is when water freezes into a crack of a rock, making the crack larger over and over again until the rock shatters
Heat and pressure can erode a rock due to multiple layers forming ontop of a rock, causing it to split due to pressure. Heat can make the rock weaker causing it to erode.
It changed the minerals in rocks
Anything else that deems importance to the upcoming examination
groynes slow down the process of erosion and prevent ice-jamming, along with helping the sand to stay on beaches
Terraces reduce both the amount and velocity of water moving across the soil surface, which greatly reduces soil erosion.
They will stop the water from comming into land and also controls the amount fo water coming into a place
it stops weathering from happening to the concrete
Term 2: Physical Change und Chemical Change
Stops concrete from having cracks.