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Semester 2 Science (Term 1 (Explain the term energy efficiency. (Energy…

- - - - An Igneous rock is a rock that has formed from either lava or magma
    - - Magma is the hot, molten rock from inside the Earth
    - - Lava is the red-hot magma that is on the Earth's surface
    - - It is a rock that was formed on the inside of the Earth. Granite
    - - It is a rock that is formed on the surface of the Earth. Pumice
  - - - A mineral ore is a mineral with a large amount of useful metal in it.
    - - With an iron ore, you can obtain iron from it.
    - - To help reduce the impact of mining on the ecosystem.
    - - We recycle minerals because there is a limited amount of minerals in the world and we need to make sure we are using less of them as possible before we run out.
  - - - A mineral is a naturally occuring solid substance with a its own chemical composition, strcuture and properties
    - - Streak
        
        Is the colour of the powdered or crushed mineral
      - Lustre
        
        Is the shininess of the surface of the mineral
        
        Metallic: Looks like a coin
        
        Brilliant: Very shiny like mirror
        
        Pearly: A bit shiny like pearl
        
        Dull: Not shiny, like Alesha
        
        Earthy: Looks like dirt
      - Hardness
        
        Is how easily the mineral can be scratched
      - Cleavage
        
        Is the tendancy of a mineral to break into a number of smooth planes
    - - It is a scale that arranges all of the minerals according to their hardness
  - - - Conglomerates are formed when individual stones are cemented together.
    - - Pumice rocks can be used for making things such as concrete,
    - - Granite can be used for things like building buildings, bridges, slabs, etc. It's like a building material.
    - - A pumice rock is created when an igneous rock gets shot out from a volcano, having air bubbles on the surface of it, causing there to be holes in the rock once it cools down.
    - - You can identify a rock by its: Grain size. Hardness. Usual color and density. Lustre, Straek and Cleavage
    - - Crystals usually grow in more warmer conditions. They can grow in cooler conditions, but it will take a longer time for the water to evaporate and form a crystal.
- - - - Slate, Marble and Gneiss are all examples of metamorphic rocks
    - - Foliation is the process that occurs when a rock is subjected to uneven pressure causing it to bend
    - - Metamorphic rocks are formed when other types of rock are changed by incredible heat and pressure inside the earth
  - - - It is the breaking down of rocks and minerals through the movement of water and animals, and the extremes of temperature
    - - It is the movement of the sediments to another area.
    - - It is when the surface of a rock peels off due to weathering
    - - Weathering occurs when a physical force is applied to a rock
    - - It is when water freezes into a crack of a rock, making the crack larger over and over again until the rock shatters
    - - It changed the minerals in rocks
    - - It is when trees grow into a rock and then over time the rock will crack
    - - Heat and pressure can erode a rock due to multiple layers forming ontop of a rock, causing it to split due to pressure. Heat can make the rock weaker causing it to erode.
  - - - They will stop the water from comming into land and also controls the amount fo water coming into a place
    - - groynes slow down the process of erosion and prevent ice-jamming, along with helping the sand to stay on beaches
    - - it stops weathering from happening to the concrete
      - Stops concrete from having cracks.
    - - Terraces reduce both the amount and velocity of water moving across the soil surface, which greatly reduces soil erosion.
  - - - s a sedimentary rock that is made from dead plant material
    - - Chemical sedimentary rocks form when water evaporates, leaving behind a solid substance
    - - Staligmites and Stalictites are formed when limestone rocks are dissolved by acids in water. They are very fragile. Found in Limestone caves
        
        Staligmites go up.
        
        Stalictites go down
    - - Sedimentary rocks are rocks that are formed when loose particles are pressed together by the weight of the overlying sediments