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Unit 6 Material properties (6.4 Everyday materials and their proerties…
Unit 6 Material properties
6.1 Metals
properties
usually
shiny
when polished or freshly cut
surface becomes dull after a while
ring like a bell when hit
strong
and tough
do not shatter when dropped and do not crack easily
can hold large weights without breaking
malleable
- can be shaped by bending, and hammering into shape
and
ductile
- can be drawn out into wires
do not melt easily - only exception mercury is liquid at room temp
therefore high melting point and boiling point
some are magnetic`
iron steel nickel cobalt
good
conductors
of heat and electricity
examples
iron - strong for building bridges - malleable
gold for jewellery because shiny
stainless steel - does not rust and strong, and also conducts heat - ideal for pots
copper for electrical wiring because conductor and flexible and ductile
6.2 Non metals
useful because of their chemical reactions
properties of ALMOST all non metals
appearance - dull
do not reflect light well
surface not as smooth as metals
the solid forms are brittle
do not conduct heat energy well
useful because they can be used for pot handles
do not conduct electricity well
useful because can be used to make coverings for electric cables and plugs
properties of MANY non metals
not as strong or hardwearing as metals
many are gases
those that are not gases have
low melting points and low boiling points
examples
sulfur added to rubber to harden it
pure oxygen used for breathing difficulties
helium is used to fill balloons
chlorine is used to kill bacteria
carbon used to purify water
silicon used to make computer chips
Helium , carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, fluorine, Neon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, Argon
6.3 Comparing metals and non metals
non metals
brittle
do not conduct heat well
dull
do not conduct electricity
gases at RT
metals
do not shatter
conduct electricity
solid at RT
conduct heat well
malleable
ductile
shiny
makes ringing sound
6.4 Everyday materials and their proerties
diff materials have diff properties
the use of a material to make something depends on its proerties
glass
transparent - can see through it
waterproof
does not react with food and drink inside
cheap and can be recycled
but heavy and easily breakable
plastic
can be transparent and opaque
easily moulded
does not react with water
lightweight and can be coloured
some can be recycled
can be affected by heat and takes long time to decompose
fibres
ceramics
Bronze is an alloy of copper, tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc)