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Energy Metabolism: Respiration (Types of Respiration (Aerobic Respiration,…
Energy Metabolism: Respiration
Types of Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Without Oxygen
Fermentation
Obligate Anaerobes
Heat-Generating Respiration
#
Total products less than reactants
Skunk Cabbage and Voodoo Lily
Cyanide-resistant Respiration (Thermogenic Respiration)
Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
With Oxygen
Plants and animals
Citric Acid Cycle
#
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Glucose converted to Ribose/Erythrose
Phosphogluconate Pathway
Hexose monophosphate shunt
Respiration of Lipids
Catabolic metabolism
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Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Acetyl CoA
Beta-oxidation
#
Cytosol
Microbodies called Glyoxysomes
Photorespiration
Oxidation of phosphoglycolate
RuBP carboxylase + Oxygen
Environmental and Internal Factors
(
https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/archive/dickinso/research/1999/range99c.htm
)
Temperature
Range of 5 to 25 degrees Celsius
Increase in 10 degrees Celsius doubles range
Lack of Oxygen
1 to 2 percent is good in plants
Oxygen in atmosphere is stable
Penetrates stoma at night
More variable in roots
Hypoxia (least amounts)
Anoxia (none)
Internal Regulation
Respiration source of ATP other than chloroplasts
Within Seeds
Embryo matures
Respiration decreases dramatically
Total Energy Yield
Anaerobic glycolysis
2 ATPs
Aerobic respiration
38 ATPs
Citric Acid Cycle
24 ATPs
Pentose phosphate pathway
Indirectly produces 2 ATPs
Respiratory Quotient
The ratio of CO2 liberated to Oxygen
Acids RQ > 1
Glucose RQ = 1.0
Fatty Acids RQ = 0.7
Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Beer
Saccharomyces uvarum
Lagers and pilsners
Saccharomyces cerrvisiae
#
Ales, bitters, and stouts
Sake
Fermented rice
Wine
Fermented grapes are Vitis vinifera
Spirits
#
Ethanol content over 20%
Distillation can increase alcohol to 95.6%
Objective to raise ethanol conc. and eliminate flavors
Ethanol boils at 78 degrees celsius
Warnings
Fermentation of plants
Produces Depressants
Can result in alcoholism
Blood alcohol content
.02% of BAC interferes with coordination
.15% BAC people are drunk
.4% BAC is fatal
