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Elizabethan Society and the Age of Exploration (Poverty (reasons for being…

- - - - there was no national system of education
      - the purpose was to help people to prepare people for their expected roles in life, so was focused on practical skills and possibly basic literacy
      - around 15-20% of the population could read and write
      - very few children went to school and all schools had fees as the view was that only the rich had to attend
    - - by the early 1500's philosophers were arguing that education was valuable and not just a way if preparing people in life, so educational opportunities gradually improved during her reign
      - protestants argued that people ought to be able to study the scriptures requiring people to be able to read, boosting literacy
      - the growth of the printing press meant books became less expensive giving people more opportunities to read
      - the growth of exploration meant that moe ordinary people had to learn to red, write and do mathematics
    - - parish schools - up to the age of 10 set up by church and run by clergy, taught basic literacy to the children of yeomen and farmers
      - grammar schools - boys age 10-14 - education private from the church and charged fees, although scholarships were available, boys were taught the bible, debating, latin, french, greek and philosophy
      - petty schools - up to the age of 10 - run privately from people's homes
      - universities - age 14-15 onwards - there were only 2 universities, they studied geometry, music, astronomy, philosophy, logic and rhetoric, medicine, law and divinity
      - private tutors - delivered education privately to the children of the nobility
    - - new grammar schools meant that children could be educated away from the church, scholarships allowed poorer children to do this
      - literacy improved, especially in towns. this was combined with the result of the pricing press, parish schools and the need to read the scriptures
  - - - hunting - on horseback with hounds and birds, involved men and women
      - fishing - both men and women
      - real tennis - played indoors - only men - a cross between modern tennis and squash
      - bowls - men only
      - fencing - blunted swords. men only
    - - football - men only - varied rules, no limit in number of players or the size of pitch - ould be very violent and scold even result in death
      - wrestling - men of all classes took part in public wrestling matches with people gambling on the outcome
    - - baiting - watching animals fight to the death, bets made on the outcomes of the fights
      - cock-fighting - cockerels attacked each other with metal spurs on their beaks, money was bet on the outcome of the fights
    - - a lot of new literature was written during Elizabeth's reign, although she medieval literature remained popular
      - mystery plays (popular with catholics) replaced by non-religious plays shown in purpose built theatres
      - comedies were very popular and were often sponsored by members of the nobility, like the Queen or the Earl of Leicester
      - all social classes attended the theatre, so purpose built theatres were built to accommodate growing audiences
    - - many Elizabethans played instruments
      - musical performances were popular, they were payed to play at official functions or public events it was also played in other events like fairs. wealthy families employed their own musicians to play and meals and feasts. books of songs were also popular
      - dancing remained popular as it brought together men and women although the upper and lower classes did not dance together
- - - - the deserving impotent poor who could not help themselves
      - the idle poor who could work but chose not to
- - - - he was attacking Spain - he didn't aim to sail around the world, his main purpose was to raid spanish colonies in the Pacific, as relations with Spain were deciding at the time
      - revenge - the spanish and attacked Drake's fleet and most of his men had been killed
      - profit - loot, booty and trade meant there were huge profits to be made from Drake's proposed journey to the Americas and beyond, so people were willing to invest in the expedition
    - - England reputation as a sea faring nation increased - in spite of the fact only one of Drake's ships survived the voyage
      - England increasingly saw her navy as her best line of defence - protecting her and extending her trying interests
      - this encouraged further trade and exploration especially in the New World where colonies were established in New England
      - English ships began to trade elsewhere
      - deciding relations with Spain - it meant that England had claim to much of north America. this brought england into conflict with the pope, who awarded North America to Spain. For Phillip II the knitting of Drake by Elizabeth was the final straw that made war between the two countries inevitable