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Ecology of Teaching (Chapter 7 (Teacher leadership style (Be democratic…

- - - - Biological construct, interpretation of stimuli
  - - - Instead of authoritarian or Laissez-faire (permissive)
      - Direct instruction versus indirect instruction
    - - Zone of proximal development (ZPD) - Vygotsky
      - Scaffolding
  - - - More interactions with teacher
      - Teachers more responsive to disruptive behavior
      - More reprimand
      - Get instructions
      - Attention from a distance
      - Criticism for failing to obey
      - Attribute failure as lack of effort
    - - Get nurturance
      - More attention if close to teacher
      - Criticism for performance
      - Attribute failure as lack of ability
  - - - Macroculture
        
        Emphasis on active mastery
        
        Valuation of the work ethic
        
        Achieved status
        
        Stress on assertiveness
        
        Valuation of fairness
        
        More interest in the external world
        
        Emphasis on change, flow, movement
        
        Belief in rationalism
        
        Emphasis on peer relationships
        
        Focus on individual personality
        
        Objective, impersonal relationships
        
        Principles of right and wrong
      - Microculture
        
        Orientation toward extended family
        
        Fostering of sharing
        
        Humility
        
        Learning occurs by observation and patience
        
        Respect and compliance with no eye contact
        
        Ascribed status
        
        Present-time orientation
  - - - Orientation toward persons/objects
      - Field dependence/independence
      - More structured home: analytical cognitive style
      - Less structured home: relational cognitive style
    - - Logical-mathematical
      - Linguistic
      - Body kinesthetic
      - Musical
      - Spatial
      - Interpersonal
      - Intrapersonal
      - Naturalist
    - - The flipped classroom
      - Amplify
  - - - Identification and assessment
        
        Anecdotal records
        
        Checklists and rating scales
        
        Time samples
        
        Measurements of behavior
        
        Inclusion
  - - - Endangerment
      - Genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and environmental
    - - The ability to withstand and rebound from crisis or persistent challenges
    - - Learned helplessness
        
        The perception, acquired through negative experiences, that effort has no effect on outcomes
    - - Alcoholism
        
        A chronic, progressive, and potentially fatal disease characterized by excessive tolerance for alcohol and physical dependence
      - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
    - - Experience feeling
        
        Anger
        
        Fear/terror
        
        Powerlessness
        
        Loneliness
        
        Confusion
        
        Shame
        
        Guilt
        
        Distrust
      - Domestic violence
  - - - Cooperative
        
        working together to accomplish shared goals
      - Competitive
        
        working against each other
      - Individualized
        
        one student's achievement unrelated to other students'
    - - lecturing, tutoring, guidance
    - - inquiry, scaffolding, research, collaboration
  - - - Authentic assessment
        
        evaluation based on real performance, rather than test performance, showing mastery of task
      - Standardized tests
        
        Tests in which an individual is compared to a norm on scientifically selected items
    - - making schools and teachers responsible for student learning or achievement outcomes
  - - - Financial
      - Service-oriented
      - Extension of learning environment
- - - - Being an A student used to be higher status
    - - Felonies are now more impressive than academic achievements
    - - Acceleration of elementary school standards
      - Allow boys to start school at age 6 instead of age 5
      - Single sex class approach with activities together
        
        K-12
      - Belfast, Ireland
        
        Are you pretty? - self esteem and status co-ed schools
        
        Girl schools self esteem from many factors of who you are (good grades, sports, etc.)
      - Parents should have a choice in children's education
- - - - Assurance of things hoped for which are true
      - Evidence of things not seen
      - Action in all intelligent beings
  - - - No one-way lecture
      - Asks questions even if He already knows the answer
  - - - We are like clear fiberoptic cables
    - - The most important things in life are caught not taught